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Voici une liste des reines consorts des principaux royaumes qui existaient dans l'actuel Birmanie. Ceux qui ont le rang de Nan Mibaya (consort Queens Or King of The Palace Aka Most Supreme Queens Of The Senior rang ou Principal Queens Of Burma), Mibaya Nge (Junior Queens Aka Junior King's consorts), Kolotetaw (Concubines) -sont répertoriés.
Avant la période Konbaung (1752–1885), les époux des monarques birmans étaient organisés en trois niveaux généraux: Nan Mibaya (နန်းမိဖုရား, lit. "Reine du palais", reine aînée), Mibaya (Nge) (မိဖုရား (ငယ်), "(Junior) Queen") et Ko-lok-taw (ကိုယ်လုပ်တော်, concubine)[note 1]. À partir de la fin du XVIIIe siècle, les rois Konbaung insèrent les gradins de Hsaungdaw Mibaya (ဆောင်တော် မိဖုရား, lit. "Reine de l'appartement royal") et Shwe-Yay Hsaung Mibaya (ရွှေရေးဆောင် မိဖုရား, lit. "Reine de la chambre dorée") entre les niveaux de reine senior et de reine junior[1].
Les dames d'honneur comme Apyo-daw (အပျိုတော်, "jeune fille") et Maung-ma (မောင်းမ, "servante") faisaient partie de l'état-major du palais[2].
Reines seniors
Chaque niveau avait d'autres classements en son sein. L'ordre de priorité au sein du niveau le plus élevé était[1]:
Hormis quelques rares exceptions, la Reine du Palais du Sud était la principale reine consort officielle[note 2]. En théorie, seule la reine consort en chef avait le droit d'avoir un parapluie blanc et de s'asseoir avec le roi sur le trône royal[3].
Reines juniors
Davantage d’informations Rang, Titre ...
Reines du deuxième rang
Rang
Titre
La description
1
Taung Hsaungdaw Mibaya (တောင်ဆောင်တော်မိဖုရား)
Reine de l'appartement royal du sud
2
Myauk Hsaungdaw Mibaya (မြောက်ဆောင်တော်မိဖုရား)
Reine de l'appartement royal du nord
Fermer
Davantage d’informations Rang, Titre ...
Reines du troisième rang
Rang
Titre
La description
1
Taung Shwe-Yay Mibaya (တောင်ရွှေရေးမိဖုရား)
Reine de la chambre dorée du sud
2
Myauk Shwe-Yay Mibaya (မြောက်ရွှေရေးမိဖုရား)
Reine de la chambre dorée du nord
3
Ale Shwe-Yay Mibaya (အလယ်ရွှေရေးမိဖုရား)
Reine de la Chambre Dorée Centrale
4
Anauk Shwe-Yay Mibaya (အနောက်ရွှေရေးမိဖုရား)
Reine de la chambre dorée occidentale
Fermer
Davantage d’informations Rang, Titre ...
Reines du quatrième rang
Rang
Titre
La description
1
Myo-za Mibaya (မြို့စား မိဖုရား)
Reine avec apanage au niveau du canton
2
Ywa-za Mibaya (ရှာစား မိဖုရား)
Reine avec apanage au niveau du village
Fermer
Concubines
Les concubines étaient appelées Ko-lok-taw (ကိုယ်လုပ်တော်, lit. "celui qui administre le corps royal") ou Chay-daw-din (ခြေတော်တင်, lit. "celui sur qui les pieds royaux sont placés")[2].
Davantage d’informations Rang, Titre ...
Concubines
Rang
Titre
La description
1
Ko-lok-taw Gyi (ကိုယ်လုပ်တော်ကြီး)
Concubine senior
2
Ko-lok-taw (ကိုယ်လုပ်တော်)
Concubine
3
Chay-daw-din (ခြေတော်တင်)
Concubine
Fermer
Des noms
Les noms des reines, s'ils sont connus, sont donnés en fonction de leur nom commun le plus connu, qui se trouve souvent être le nom principal utilisé par les chroniques royales. Les noms des reines rapportés par la chronique peuvent être leur nom populaire / communément connu (par exemple, Pwa Saw, Nanmadaw Me Nu ); titre officiel (par exemple, Agga Mahethi, Sanda Dewi ); nom personnel (par exemple, Shin Bo-Me, Yun San ); ou nom générique du bureau ( Hanthawaddy Mibaya, "Reine de Hanthawaddy"; ou Myauk Pyinthe, "Reine du Palais du Nord"). Enfin, les noms des reines sans enregistrement connu sont donnés comme "(Inconnu)".
Durée du consortium
Les dates «Devenu consort» et «Cessée d'être consort» indiquent la période pendant laquelle une reine donnée jouait le rôle de consort royal - et non la durée du mariage.
(Than Tun 1964: 129): The Pagan period (849–1297) term for Nan Mibaya was Pyinthe (ပြင်သည်), and the term Usaukpan (ဦးဆောက်ပန်း) also meant the chief queen. (Harvey 1925: 327): Usaukpan was an Old Burmese direct translation of PaliVatamsaka, an artificial flower of silver or gold used as a hair ornament.
In Burma Proper, it was extremely rare for a queen of the Southern Palace to not also be the chief queen. According to the rankings reported in the chronicles, Sithu II (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 287) and Nanda (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 107) had South Queens who were not their chief queen. In the Mrauk-U Kingdom on the west coast, three kings—Min Khamaung (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 87, 89), Thado (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 115), Sanda Thaditha (RRT Vol. 2 1999: 147, 149)—had South Queens who were not their chief queen.
(Than Tun 1959: 125–126): An inscription dated 28 February 1409 by Queen Saw says she was a granddaughter of King Swa Saw Ke by Shin Saw Gyi. Per (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 440), Shin Saw (known as Hsinbyushin), Saw Khway and Min Pyan were sisters.
(Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 120): Min Taya Hnamadaw of Yamethin became queen soon after her father Minye Kyawswa's death in Waso 863 ME (15 June 1501 to 14 July 1501). (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 121): Dhamma Dewi of Pakhan and Taungdwin Mibaya became queens in Tabaung 863 ME (6 February 1502 to 7 March 1502). See (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 136–137) for the complete list of senior queens and issue.
The main royal chronicles do not have any record of the chief queens of Ava between 1527 and 1551. The title of the chief queen of Shan states was Maha Dewi, certainly by the Toungoo period.
(RRT Vol. 2 1999: 118): Several people, including queens, concubines and their attendants, died during a major fire at the palace on 16 February 1686. Presumably, Thukomma survived the fire since the chronicle reports no other chief queen of Wara.
(RRT Vol. 2 1999: 119–120): The Palace Guards installed and removed their puppet kings Wara Dhamma, Mani Thudhamma and Sanda Thuriya I, as they pleased.
(Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 127, footnote 2): According to Sein Lwin Lay, Tabinshwehti may not have had a chief queen in the formal sense that he never formally had a formal coronation ceremony with any of his queens; and Khay Ma Naw, whom the king married at the 1545 coronation, nonetheless was not mentioned as his chief queen either.
This is a rare instance where the South Queen was not the chief queen. The two standard chronicles Maha Yazawin (Maha Yazawin Vol. 3 2006: 103) and Hmannan Yazawin (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 107) both say that Min Phyu, Min Htwe and Min Pu were South, Center and North Queens, respectively, while Hanthawaddy was the chief queen. Yazawin Thit (Yazawin Thit Vol. 2 2012: 239) omits the ranks of Min Phyu and Min Htwe, and confirms only that Thiri Yaza Dewi was the North Queen. All chronicles list Min Taya Medaw as the fifth senior queen but do not say when she became a senior queen. She certainly should have become a senior queen after the death of Min Phyu in 1596.
Chronicles, which regard Minye Deibba as a usurper, do not list any of his "queens". Per (Hmannan Vol. 3: 189), Khin Hnin Paw was his lover. Presumably, she was his "queen" during his short reign.
Chronicles (Konbaung Set Vol. 1 simply call Binnya Dala's chief queen Hanthawaddy Shin Mibaya (lit. Queen of Hanthawaddy). Her title or personal name is not known. (Konbaung Set Vol. 1 2004: 187): Thiri Zeya Mingala Dewi, Princess of Manipur, became Binnya Dala's queen after the fall of Ava (Inwa) on 22 March 1752. She came along with Gen. Dalaban who submitted to Alaungpaya on 9th waxing of Pyatho 1118 ME (29 December 1756). She later became a concubine of Alaungpaya per (Konbaung Set Vol. 1 2004: 197).
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