Plenkreskuloj estas brunaj en supraj partoj kaj palaj en subaj partoj, kun forta strieco. Ili havas mallongan forkoforman voston. Ili havas flavajn makulojn en flugiloj kaj vosto, ne ĉiam videblaj; krome ili ŝajnas tre malgrandaj striecaj paseroj.
Ties reproduktaj biotopoj troviĝas en Kanado, Alasko kaj la okcidentaj montoj kaj nordaj partoj de Usono. La nesto estas bone kaŝita sur horizontala branĉo de arbo, ofte konifero.
La migrado de tiu nearktisa birdo estas tre varia, probable rilata al manĝodisponeblo. Grandaj kvantoj de birdoj povas moviĝi suden kelkajn jarojn; kaj neniaj aliajn.
Estas tri agnoskataj subspecioj:
Spinus pinus macropterus - Norda Baja California al nordo de orienta kaj centra Meksikio
Spinus pinus perplexus - Suda Meksikio al Gvatemalo
Spinus pinus pinus - Kanado, Usono kaj centra Meksikio
Tiuj birdoj manĝas en arboj, arbustoj kaj herboj. Ili manĝas ĉefe semojn, plantopartojn kaj kelkajn insektojn. Vintre ili ofte manĝas en miksitaj kunmanĝantaroj kiuj inkludas ekzemplerojn de Amerika kardelo kaj de Flamkardelo.
Malgrandaj semoj, ĉefe de kardo, ruĝa alno, betulo kaj piceo faras majoritaton de la dieto de la Pinkardelo. Somere ili manĝas insektojn, ĉefe afidoj, per kiuj ili manĝigas la idojn, sed semoj hegemonias en ilia dieto.
Kvankam konsiderata la plej komuna fringedo de Vaŝingtonio, la Pinkardelo suferis gravan jaran malpliiĝon en populacio el 1966, laŭ la Breeding Bird Survey. Pro la subitapera naturo de tiu specio, la populacioj ege varias el jaro al jaro, kaj tendencoj malfacile interpreteblas. Parazitado fare de la Brunkapa molotro povas draste efiki kontraus la produktiveco de la Pinkardelo, kaj arbarfragmentado pliigis sian kontakton kun la molotroj. Pluhavi grandajn arbarerojn de koniferoj helpus pluhavi tiun birdon kiel komuna.
• La angla nomo Siskino devenas el ties sono aŭ ĉirpado. Laŭ tio la anglalingva komuna nomo de tiu birdospecio estas fakte “pinĉirpulo”
• Pinkardelo estas tre socia birdo. Ili konstruas nestojn apudajn unu al alia, kun eĉ nur malmulte inter ili.
• Kiam manĝas en koniferoj, la Pinkardelo kutime pendas kapalteren el arbopintoj.
• La Verda kardelo, S. spinus estas praulo de la Pinkardelo, Dominga kardelo, S. dominicensis, kaj de la Nigrakrona kardelo, S. atriceps. La subspecio S. pinus perplexus povus esti pli proksima al la S. atriceps; ili ambaŭ loĝas en la altebenaĵo de Gvatemalo kaj Meksiko.[1]
Dawson, W. R. 1997. Pine Siskin (Carduelis pinus). In The Birds of North America, No. 280 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.
Artikoloj
Identigo
Lethaby, Nick (1997) Identification of Pine Siskin Birding Worl] 10(10): 383-6 (pri separo el la Verda kardeloS. spinus)
Kutimaro
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