複

See also: 复 and 復

複 U+8907, 複 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8907 ← 褆 [U+8906] CJK Unified Ideographs 褈 → [U+8908]

Translingual

Han character

複 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 中人日水 (LOAE), four-corner 3824₇, composition ⿰衤复)

Derived characters

• 𥵩

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1120, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34417
• Dae Jaweon: page 1587, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3103, character 8
• Unihan data for U+8907

Chinese

trad.		複
simp.		复*
alternative forms		𧜰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 複
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

	Old Chinese
愎	*brɯɡ
鍑	*puɡs, *puɡ
覆	*pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復	*buɡs, *buɡ
椱	*buɡs, *buɡ
複	*buɡs, *puɡ
馥	*brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹	*puɡ
輹	*puɡ, *buɡ
蝮	*pʰuɡ
蕧	*pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复	*buɡ
鰒	*buɡ
澓	*buɡ

Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *buɡs, *puɡ) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ, “to return”) – lined garment.

Etymology

Cognate with 復 (OC *buɡs, *buɡ, “to return; again”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

覆 (OC *pʰuɡ, “to turn over; to overturn”) is an aspiration causative/iterative form of 複 (OC *puɡ), hence literally "to make something double over".

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	複	複
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	扶富切	方六切
Baxter	bjuwH	pjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuH/	/pɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biuH/	/piuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biəuH/	/piuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwH/	/puwk̚/
Li Rong	/biuH/	/piuk̚/
Wang Li	/bĭəuH/	/pĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯ə̯uH/	/pi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fòu	fu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau6	fuk1

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	複
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*p(r)uk/
English	double, lined (garment)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	複	複
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3539	3544
Phonetic component	复	复
Rime group	奧	覺
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	復	福
Old Chinese	/*buɡs/	/*puɡ/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu̍k
• Northern Min (KCR): hŭ
• Eastern Min (BUC): hók / bô
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horh⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hok / ho̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fù
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fù
    • Wade–Giles: fu⁴
    • Yale: fù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
    • Palladius: фу (fu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fuk¹
    • Yale: fūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: fug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: fug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /fuk̚⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hók / bô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /houʔ²⁴/, /pou²⁴²/

Note:

• hók - literary;
• bô - vernacular "again".

• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: horh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒʔ¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: horh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok
    • Tâi-lô: hok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hog
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ho̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hok
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚²/

---

• Middle Chinese: bjuwH, pjuwk

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*p(r)uk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*buɡs/, /*puɡ/

Definitions

複

1. (literary) lined garment
2. to repeat; to double; to overlap
3. duplicate; double; overlapping
4. complex
5. again

   複檢／复检  ―  fùjiǎn  ―  to double-check

Compounds

• 合義複詞 / 合义复词
• 山重水複 / 山重水复 (shān chóng shuǐ fù)
• 掌狀複葉 / 掌状复叶
• 煩複 / 烦复
• 繁複 / 繁复 (fánfù)
• 羽狀複葉 / 羽状复叶
• 衍聲複詞 / 衍声复词
• 複元音 / 复元音 (fùyuányīn)
• 複分解 / 复分解 (fùfēnjiě)
• 複利 / 复利 (fùlì)
• 複利法 / 复利法
• 複利計算 / 复利计算
• 複印 / 复印 (fùyìn)
• 複印品 / 复印品
• 複印機 / 复印机 (fùyìnjī)
• 複句 / 复句 (fùjù)
• 複合 / 复合 (fùhé)
• 複合企業 / 复合企业
• 複合元音 / 复合元音
• 複合光 / 复合光
• 複合命題 / 复合命题
• 複合國 / 复合国
• 複合攝影 / 复合摄影
• 複名數 / 复名数
• 複合材料 / 复合材料 (fùhé cáiliào)
• 複合概念 / 复合概念
• 複合樣式 / 复合样式
• 複合肥料 / 复合肥料
• 複合詞 / 复合词 (fùhécí)
• 複合量詞 / 复合量词
• 複合韻母 / 复合韵母
• 複品牌 / 复品牌
• 複壁 / 复壁
• 複姓 / 复姓 (fùxìng)
• 複婚制 / 复婚制
• 複寫 / 复写 (fùxiě)
• 複審 / 复审 (fùshěn)
• 複寫紙 / 复写纸 (fùxiězhǐ)
• 複式 / 复式 (fùshì)
• 複式教學 / 复式教学
• 複式編制 / 复式编制
• 複式路面 / 复式路面
• 複式關稅 / 复式关税
• 複意 / 复意
• 複拍子 / 复拍子 (fùpāizi)
• 複數 / 复数 (fùshù)
• 複方 / 复方 (fùfāng)
• 複本 / 复本 (fùběn)
• 複本位制 / 复本位制
• 複果 / 复果
• 複查 / 复查 (fùchá)
• 複核 / 复核 (fùhé)
• 複根 / 复根
• 複檢 / 复检 (fùjiǎn)
• 複比 / 复比
• 複決 / 复决
• 複決權 / 复决权
• 複眼 / 复眼 (fùyǎn)
• 複視 / 复视 (fùshì)
• 複種 / 复种
• 複稱 / 复称
• 複穴 / 复穴
• 複綜語 / 复综语
• 複線 / 复线 (fùxiàn)
• 複習 / 复习 (fùxí)
• 複肥 / 复肥
• 複色光 / 复色光
• 複葉 / 复叶 (fùyè)
• 複製 / 复制 (fùzhì)
• 複製品 / 复制品 (fùzhìpǐn)
• 複襦 / 复襦
• 複診 / 复诊 (fùzhěn)
• 複詞 / 复词
• 複試 / 复试 (fùshì)
• 複誦 / 复诵
• 複調 / 复调 (fùdiào)
• 複議 / 复议
• 複賽 / 复赛 (fùsài)
• 複輔音 / 复辅音 (fùfǔyīn)
• 複述 / 复述 (fùshù)
• 複道 / 复道 (fùdào)
• 複選 / 复选 (fùxuǎn)
• 複閣 / 复阁
• 複雜 / 复杂
• 複雜勞動 / 复杂劳动
• 複音 / 复音 (fùyīn)
• 複音詞 / 复音词
• 複韻母 / 复韵母
• 複頻 / 复频
• 複鹽 / 复盐 (fùyán)
• 重複 / 重复 (chóngfù)
• 重複課稅 / 重复课税
• 重見複出 / 重见复出
• 錯綜複雜 / 错综复杂 (cuòzōngfùzá)

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 複

複

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
• Kun: かさねる (kasaneru, 複ねる)、ふたたび (futatabi, 複)

Compounds

Kanji in this term
複
ふく Grade: 5
on'yomi

• 複(ふく)占(せん) (fukusen, “duopoly”)
• 複雑(ふくざつ) (fukuzatsu, “complicated”)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ふく [fùkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟]

Noun

複(ふく) • (fuku) 

1. Short for 複試合.
2. Short for 複勝式.

Prefix

複(ふく) • (fuku-) 

1. diplo-, double

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 複 (MC pjuwk).

Hanja

複 (eumhun 겹칠 복 (gyeopchil bok))

1. hanja form^? of 복 (“repeat, double, overlap”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 複 (MC bjuwH).

Hanja

複 (eumhun 겹칠 부 (gyeopchil bu))

1. hanja form^? of 복 (“repeat, double, overlap”)

Vietnamese

Han character

複: Hán Nôm readings: phức

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.