瓦
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
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Han character
瓦 (Kangxi radical 98, 瓦+0, 5 strokes in Chinese in traditional Chinese, 4 strokes in mainland China, 5 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 一女弓戈 (MVNI), four-corner 10717, composition ⿵⿸⿱一𠄌㇈丶(G) or ⿵⿸⿱丅㇀㇈丶(HTJKV))
- Kangxi radical #98, ⽡.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 747, character 36
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21438
- Dae Jaweon: page 1156, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1421, character 3
- Unihan data for U+74E6
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 瓦 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |
 |
 |
Pictogram (象形) – fired earthenware pottery, or a tile.
Etymology 1
Possibly derived from 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls, “to transform”) by eliminating causative devoicing and adding an endoactive rising tone (上聲), literally “that which has transformed (through fire)” (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ua3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): va2
- Northern Min (KCR): uà
- Eastern Min (BUC): nguâ / nguā
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ngo
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ua3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wǎ
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄚˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wǎ
- Wade–Giles: wa3
- Yale: wǎ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woa
- Palladius: ва (va)
- Sinological IPA (key): /wä²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: wa3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ua
- Sinological IPA (key): /ua⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ва (va, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /va⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaa5
- Yale: ngáh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa5
- Guangdong Romanization: nga5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaː¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nga2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡa⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ua3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ua²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngá
- Hakka Romanization System: ngaˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nga3
- Sinological IPA: /ŋa³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ngaˊ / nguaˊ
- Sinological IPA: /ŋa²⁴/, /ŋua²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: va2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /va⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uà
- Sinological IPA (key): /ua⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nguâ / nguā
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋuɑ²⁴²/, /ŋua³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- nguâ - vernacular;
- nguā - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Taipei, Tainan, Sanxia, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang)
- (Hokkien: Kinmen, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōa
- Tâi-lô: huā
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoa
- IPA (Kinmen): /hua²²/
- (Hokkien: Jinjiang, Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǒa
- Tâi-lô: huǎ
- IPA (Jinjiang, Lukang): /hua³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: góa
- Tâi-lô: guá
- Phofsit Daibuun: goar
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɡua⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡua⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
- hiā/hiǎ/hōa/hǒa - vernacular;
- góa - literary;
- óa - literary (Zhangzhou, Taiwan), common variant (Xiamen, Quanzhou).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hia6 / ua1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiă / ua
- Sinological IPA (key): /hia³⁵/, /ua³³/
- (Teochew)
- hia6 - vernacular;
- ua1 - literary.
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: ngwaeX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋʷˤra[j]ʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷraːlʔ/
Definitions
瓦
- earthenware; earthenware pottery
- tile (roof covering)
- (historical) back of shield (arching, as if it is covered by tile)
- (historical) amusement park; market
- (historical, dialectal) protecting plate of wheel
- (music) Alternative name for 土 (tǔ, “earth”).
- Ancient placename in modern Hua County, Henan.
- a surname, Wa
Compounds
- 七十瓦上霜，八十不稀奇 (qīshí wǎ shàng shuāng, bāshí bù xīqí)
- 上無片瓦遮身，下無立錐之地 / 上无片瓦遮身，下无立锥之地
- 三瓦兩舍 / 三瓦两舍
- 三瓦四舍
- 丟下瓦磚兒，一個個要著地 / 丢下瓦砖儿，一个个要著地
- 丟磚料瓦 / 丢砖料瓦
- 冰散瓦解
- 冰消瓦解 (bīngxiāowǎjiě)
- 化瓦糧 / 化瓦粮
- 南瓦子
- 反打瓦
- 各人自掃檐前雪，莫管他家瓦上霜 / 各人自扫檐前雪，莫管他家瓦上霜
- 各人自掃門前雪，休管他人瓦上霜 / 各人自扫门前雪，休管他人瓦上霜
- 各人自掃門前雪，莫管他家瓦上霜 / 各人自扫门前雪，莫管他家瓦上霜
- 吃瓦片兒 / 吃瓦片儿 (chī wǎpiànr)
- 單浪瓦房子 / 单浪瓦房子
- 土崩瓦解 (tǔbēngwǎjiě)
- 土雞瓦犬 / 土鸡瓦犬
- 大小金瓦寺
- 寧可玉碎，不為瓦全 / 宁可玉碎，不为瓦全
- 寧可玉碎，不能瓦全 / 宁可玉碎，不能瓦全
- 寧為玉碎，不為瓦全 / 宁为玉碎，不为瓦全
- 小青瓦
- 屋瓦 (wūwǎ)
- 弄瓦 (nòngwǎ)
- 弄瓦之喜 (nòngwǎzhīxǐ)
- 打瓦
- 明瓦
- 望風瓦解 / 望风瓦解
- 木瓦 (mùwǎ)
- 朱瓦碧甍
- 朱甍碧瓦
- 板瓦 (bǎnwǎ)
- 根椽片瓦
- 毀方瓦合 / 毁方瓦合
- 毀瓦畫墁 / 毁瓦画墁
- 泥瓦匠 (níwǎjiàng)
- 泥豬瓦狗 / 泥猪瓦狗
- 添磚加瓦 / 添砖加瓦 (tiānzhuānjiāwǎ)
- 滴水瓦
- 片瓦根椽
- 片瓦無存 / 片瓦无存
- 琉璃瓦 (liúlíwǎ)
- 瓦下
- 瓦全 (wǎquán)
- 瓦剌 (Wǎlā)
- 瓦匠 (wǎjiàng)
- 瓦合
- 瓦合之卒
- 瓦器 (wǎqì)
- 瓦器蚌盤 / 瓦器蚌盘
- 瓦圈 (wǎquān)
- 瓦埠 (Wǎbù)
- 瓦塊 / 瓦块
- 瓦壟 / 瓦垄 (wǎlǒng)
- 瓦壟子 / 瓦垄子
- 瓦子
- 瓦屋 (wǎwū)
- 瓦市
- 瓦影龜魚 / 瓦影龟鱼
- 瓦松 (wǎsōng)
- 瓦棺篆鼎
- 瓦楞 (wǎléng)
- 瓦楞子 (wǎléngzi)
- 瓦楞帽
- 瓦楞紙 / 瓦楞纸
- 瓦溝 / 瓦沟
- 瓦灶繩床 / 瓦灶绳床
- 瓦片 (wǎpiàn)
- 瓦獸 / 瓦兽
- 瓦當 / 瓦当 (wǎdāng)
- 瓦當文 / 瓦当文
- 瓦盆
- 瓦石峽 / 瓦石峡 (Wǎshíxiá)
- 瓦碴兒 / 瓦碴儿
- 瓦礫 / 瓦砾 (wǎlì)
- 瓦窯 / 瓦窑 (wǎyáo)
- 瓦罐
- 瓦罐不離井上破 / 瓦罐不离井上破
- 瓦舍 (wǎshè)
- 瓦解 (wǎjiě)
- 瓦解冰泮
- 瓦解冰消
- 瓦解冰銷 / 瓦解冰销
- 瓦解土崩
- 瓦解星散
- 瓦解星飛 / 瓦解星飞
- 瓦解雲散 / 瓦解云散
- 瓦釜之鳴 / 瓦釜之鸣
- 瓦釜雷鳴 / 瓦釜雷鸣
- 瓷瓦兒 / 瓷瓦儿
- 石棉瓦
- 破瓦頹垣 / 破瓦颓垣
- 硯瓦 / 砚瓦 (yànwǎ)
- 碧瓦
- 碧瓦朱甍
- 磚瓦 / 砖瓦 (zhuānwǎ)
- 繩床瓦灶 / 绳床瓦灶
- 纍瓦結繩 / 累瓦结绳
- 缸瓦 (gāngwǎ)
- 虛舟飄瓦 / 虚舟飘瓦
- 銅瓦 / 铜瓦
- 陶犬瓦雞 / 陶犬瓦鸡
- 雷鳴瓦釜 / 雷鸣瓦釜
- 青瓦臺 / 青瓦台 (Qīngwǎtái)
- 飛磚擲瓦 / 飞砖掷瓦
- 鴛鴦瓦 / 鸳鸯瓦
Descendants
Etymology 2
Derived from etymology 1 with denominal verbalization.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): nga3
- Jin (Wiktionary): va3
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wà
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wà
- Wade–Giles: wa4
- Yale: wà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wah
- Palladius: ва (va)
- Sinological IPA (key): /wä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaa6
- Yale: ngah
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa6
- Guangdong Romanization: nga6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaː²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nga2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡa⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: va3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /va⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiā
- Tâi-lô: hiā
- Phofsit Daibuun: hia
- IPA (Xiamen): /hia²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōa
- Tâi-lô: guā
- Phofsit Daibuun: goa
- IPA (Xiamen): /ɡua²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
Note:
- hiā - vernacular;
- gōa - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huê7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huē
- Sinological IPA (key): /hue¹¹/
- (Teochew)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: ngwaeH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷraːls/
Definitions
瓦
Compounds
- 瓦刀 (wàdāo)
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): nga3
- Eastern Min (BUC): nguā
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wǎ
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄚˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wǎ
- Wade–Giles: wa3
- Yale: wǎ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woa
- Palladius: ва (va)
- Sinological IPA (key): /wä²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaa5
- Yale: ngáh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa5
- Guangdong Romanization: nga5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaː¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nga2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡa⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nguā
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋua³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note: ua2 - Shantou (“watt”).
Definitions
瓦
Synonyms
- (watt):
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 瓦特, 瓦 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 瓦 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 支光 |
| Guiyang | 支光, 瓦 | |
| Guilin | 瓦 | |
| Dagudi (Maliba) | 瓦 | |
| Reshuitang (Longling) | 瓦 | |
| Mae Salong (Lancang) | 瓦 | |
| Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 瓦 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 火, 𡆇 |
| Hong Kong | 火, 𡆇 | |
| Taishan (Guanghai) | 瓦 | |
| Beihai | 瓦 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 瓦, 火 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 瓦 | |
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 瓦 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 瓦 | |
| Móng Cái | 瓦 | |
| Mandalay (Taishan) | 度 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 𡆇 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 瓦 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 支光 |
| Ningbo | 支光 | |
Compounds
- 亞瓦格 / 亚瓦格 (yàwǎgé)
- 伊洛瓦底江 (Yīluòwǎdǐ Jiāng)
- 催淚瓦斯 / 催泪瓦斯 (cuīlèi wǎsī)
- 努瓦克肖特 (Nǔwǎkèxiàotè)
- 千瓦 (qiānwǎ)
- 千瓦時 / 千瓦时
- 史瓦濟蘭 / 史瓦济兰 (Shǐwǎjìlán)
- 吐瓦魯 / 吐瓦鲁 (Tǔwǎlǔ)
- 哈瓦那 (Hāwǎnà)
- 喀瓦克 (Kāwǎkè)
- 圖瓦 / 图瓦 (Túwǎ)
- 天然瓦斯
- 密涅瓦 (Mìnièwǎ)
- 巴依阿瓦提 (Bāyī'āwǎtí)
- 德拉瓦河
- 扎瓦 (Zhāwǎ)
- 摩爾多瓦 / 摩尔多瓦 (Mó'ěrduōwǎ)
- 斯里賈亞瓦德納普拉科特 / 斯里贾亚瓦德纳普拉科特 (Sīlǐ Jiǎyàwǎdénàpǔlā Kētè)
- 日內瓦 / 日内瓦 (Rìnèiwǎ)
- 日內瓦公約 / 日内瓦公约
- 杜瓦 (Dùwǎ)
- 毒瓦斯 (dúwǎsī)
- 液化瓦斯
- 液體瓦斯 / 液体瓦斯
- 瓦努阿圖 / 瓦努阿图 (Wǎnǔ'ātú)
- 瓦斯 (wǎsī)
- 瓦斯中毒
- 瓦斯彈 / 瓦斯弹
- 瓦斯槍 / 瓦斯枪
- 瓦斯爐 / 瓦斯炉 (wǎsīlú)
- 瓦斯車 / 瓦斯车
- 瓦根基 (Wǎgēnjī)
- 瓦特 (wǎtè)
- 瓦特表
- 窩瓦河 / 窝瓦河
- 納瓦 / 纳瓦 (Nàwǎ)
- 英阿瓦提 (Yīng'āwǎtí)
- 薩爾瓦多 / 萨尔瓦多 (Sà'ěrwǎduō)
- 蘇瓦 / 苏瓦 (Sūwǎ)
- 赤瓦不剌海
- 阿瓦
- 阿瓦提 (Āwǎtí)
- 雅瓦 (Yǎwǎ)
References
- “瓦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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