泣
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More information Stroke order ...
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Han character
泣 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水卜廿 (EYT), four-corner 30118, composition ⿰氵立)
Derived characters
- 𠊔, 𠴹, 𢔆, 𢯛, 𰥴, 𨂖, 𬈢, 𪷥, 𬉙, 𦲷, 𩃜
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 617, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17309
- Dae Jaweon: page 1012, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1593, character 2
- Unihan data for U+6CE3
Glyph origin
More information Historical forms of the character 泣, Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) ...
| Historical forms of the character 泣 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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More information Old Chinese ...
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 涖 | *rɯːbs, *rɯbs |
| 莅 | *rɯbs, *rɯbs |
| 蒞 | *rɯbs |
| 位 | *ɢʷrɯbs |
| 拉 | *ruːb |
| 菈 | *ruːb |
| 颯 | *sluːb |
| 立 | *rɯb |
| 粒 | *rɯb |
| 笠 | *ɡ·rɯb |
| 砬 | *rɯb |
| 岦 | *rɯb |
| 苙 | *ɡ·rɯb, *ɡrɯb |
| 鴗 | *rɯb |
| 雴 | *r̥ʰɯb |
| 泣 | *kʰrɯb |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰrɯb) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 立 (OC *rɯb). The character originally meant "tears," and by extension, it came to represent the act of "crying."[1]
References
- Digital Shinjigen 2017
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *krap (“to weep”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྲབ་ཁྲབ (khrab khrab, “weeper”) (STEDT; Mei, 1980b; Coblin, 1986; Baxter, 1995; Schuessler, 2007).
Often thought to be related to 淚 (OC *ruds, “tears”) (Mei, 1980b; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), but see there for more.
Pronunciation
More information Variety, Location ...
| Variety | Location | 泣 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰi⁵³/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡ɕʰi⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕʰi³¹²/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕʰji²¹³/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰi¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰi¹³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /ɕi²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ɕi³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰi²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡ɕʰi³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡sʰiʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰai²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰiʔ²¹/ |
| Tunxi | ||
| Xiang | Changsha | /ɕi²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰip̚¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /kʰip̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐp̚⁵/ |
| Nanning | /jep̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /jɐp̚⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰip̚³²/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰɛiʔ²³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰi²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰip̚²/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /li³⁵/ |
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More information Rime, Character ...
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 泣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 緝 (142) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 去急切 |
| Baxter | khip |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰˠiɪp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʰᵚip̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kʰiep̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰjip̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/kʰjəp̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/kʰĭĕp̚/ |
| Bernhard Karlgren |
/kʰi̯əp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
qi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
hap1 |
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More information Character, Reading # ...
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 泣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
qì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ khip › |
| Old Chinese |
/*k-r̥əp/ |
| English | weep |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 泣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7877 |
| Phonetic component |
立 |
| Rime group |
緝 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
|
| Old Chinese |
/*kʰrɯb/ |
Close
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qì
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cì
- Wade–Giles: chʻi4
- Yale: chì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
- Palladius: ци (ci)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jap1
- Yale: yāp
- Cantonese Pinyin: jap7
- Guangdong Romanization: yeb1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐp̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: khip
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k-r̥əp/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰrɯb/
Definitions
泣
Synonyms
- (to weep):
- 咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
- 哭 (kū)
- 哭泣 (kūqì)
- 哭訴 / 哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
- 哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
- 啜氣 / 啜气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 啜泣 (chuòqì)
- 啼 (tí) (literary, or in compounds)
- 啼哭 (tíkū) (to cry loudly)
- 嗆 / 呛 (Hokkien)
- 嗚咽 / 呜咽 (wūyè)
- 大哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)
- 忽喇 (hueh4 ci1) (Jin)
- 抽咽 (chōuyè)
- 抽噎 (chōuyē)
- 抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
- 抽泣 (chōuqì)
- 流淚 / 流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
- 流眼淚 / 流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
- 痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
- 號哭 / 号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
- 號啕 / 号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
- 飲泣 / 饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)
More information Variety, Location ...
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Compounds
- 下車泣罪 / 下车泣罪
- 伯俞泣杖
- 剖肝泣血
- 可歌可泣 (kěgēkěqì)
- 向隅獨泣 / 向隅独泣 (xiàngyúdúqì)
- 向隅而泣 (xiàngyú'érqì)
- 吞聲飲泣 / 吞声饮泣
- 哀泣 (āiqì)
- 哭泣 (kūqì)
- 啜泣 (chuòqì)
- 喜極而泣 / 喜极而泣 (xǐjí'érqì)
- 垂泣 (chuíqì)
- 如泣如訴 / 如泣如诉
- 如訴如泣 / 如诉如泣
- 孟宗泣筍 / 孟宗泣笋
- 對泣 / 对泣
- 悲泣 (bēiqì)
- 抿泣
- 抽泣 (chōuqì)
- 掩泣
- 掩面而泣
- 擲刀對泣 / 掷刀对泣
- 斂笑而泣 / 敛笑而泣
- 新亭對泣 / 新亭对泣
- 暗泣 (ànqì)
- 枕戈泣血
- 椎心泣血
- 楚囚對泣 / 楚囚对泣
- 泣下如雨
- 泣下沾襟
- 泣不成聲 / 泣不成声 (qìbùchéngshēng)
- 泣別虞姬 / 泣别虞姬
- 泣如雨下
- 泣愬
- 泣杖
- 泣涕
- 泣淚成珠 / 泣泪成珠
- 泫然欲泣
- 泣珠
- 泣禱 / 泣祷
- 泣笑敘闊 / 泣笑叙阔
- 泣罪
- 泣血
- 泣血捶膺
- 泣血枕戈
- 泣血椎心
- 泣血漣如 / 泣血涟如
- 泣血稽顙 / 泣血稽颡
- 泣訴 / 泣诉
- 泣諫 / 泣谏
- 泣鬼神
- 涕泣 (tìqì)
- 牛衣對泣 / 牛衣对泣
- 狐死兔泣
- 疼心泣血
- 痛心泣血
- 皋魚之泣 / 皋鱼之泣
- 相擁而泣 / 相拥而泣
- 稽顙泣血 / 稽颡泣血
- 茹泣吞悲
- 虛引猿泣 / 虚引猿泣
- 號泣 / 号泣 (háoqì)
- 銜泣 / 衔泣
- 飲泣 / 饮泣 (yǐnqì)
- 飲泣吞聲 / 饮泣吞声
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lì
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lì
- Wade–Giles: li4
- Yale: lì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
- Palladius: ли (li)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
泣
- † (ideophonic, of wind) blowing rapidly; violent
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: sè
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sè
- Wade–Giles: sê4
- Yale: sè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: seh
- Palladius: сэ (sɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
泣
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