什

See also: 甚

什 U+4EC0, 什 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EC0 ← 亿 [U+4EBF] CJK Unified Ideographs 仁 → [U+4EC1]

什 U+F9FD, 什 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FD ← 識 [U+F9FC] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 茶 → [U+F9FE]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

什 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人十 (OJ), four-corner 2420₀, composition ⿰亻十)

Derived characters

• 𠯰, 𪭡, 𨑮, 𱑐, 𦬯

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 91, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 348
• Dae Jaweon: page 192, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 108, character 2
• Unihan data for U+4EC0
• Unihan data for U+F9FD

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 什
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script	Small seal script
Small seal script s05782 Transcribed ancient scripts L38517
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

	Old Chinese
針	*kjum, *kjums
汁	*kjub
卙	*kʰljub
十	*ɡjub
什	*ɡjub

Characters in the same phonetic series (十) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Etymology 1

trad.		什/甚*
simp.		什

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shén, shé (shen², she²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˊ, ㄕㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sam⁶
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sím

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sim⁶ / sib⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷seq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shén
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shén
    • Wade–Giles: shên²
    • Yale: shén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shern
    • Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shé
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shé
    • Wade–Giles: shê²
    • Yale: shé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sher
    • Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sam⁶
    • Yale: sahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sam⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sem⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm²²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sím
    • Tâi-lô: sím
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siem
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sim⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sim⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sim⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sim⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sim⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sim⁶ / sib⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sĭm / si̍p
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sim³⁵/, /sip̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷seq
    • MiniDict: seh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴seq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /səʔ⁵⁵/

Definitions

什

1. Only used in 什麼／什么 (shénme).

Compounds

• 不差什麼 / 不差什么
• 不算什麼 / 不算什么
• 什麼 / 什么
• 什麼什麼 / 什么什么
• 什麼樣 / 什么样 (shénmeyàng)
• 什麼的 / 什么的 (shénmede)
• 可什麼 / 可什么
• 幹什麼 / 干什么 (gàn shénme)
• 沒什麼 / 没什么 (méishénme)
• 為什麼 / 为什么 (wèishénme)
• 算什麼 / 算什么

 

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		什

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	什
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	緝 (141)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	是執切
Baxter	dzyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑip̚/
Li Rong	/ʑiəp̚/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sap6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	什
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyip ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[ɡ]əp/
English	troop of ten men
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	什
Reading #	1/1
No.	11453
Phonetic component	十
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	十
Old Chinese	/*ɡjub/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shí (shi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sap⁶ / zaap⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih⁷
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): si̍p

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zab⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸zeq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shí
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
    • Wade–Giles: shih²
    • Yale: shŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
    • Palladius: ши (ši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sap⁶ / zaap⁶
    • Yale: sahp / jaahp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sap⁹ / dzaap⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: seb⁶ / zab⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐp̚²/, /t͡saːp̚²/

Note:

• sap6 - literary;
• zaap6 - variant (“miscellaneous” or alternative form of 雜).

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: siib
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sib⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨp̚⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sih⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiʔ⁴/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sih⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍p
    • Tâi-lô: si̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sip
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sip̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sip̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sip̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sip̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sip̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zab⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa̍p
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sap̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸zeq
    • MiniDict: zeh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zeq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹²/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyip

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[ɡ]əp/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡjub/

Definitions

什

1. ^† (census) ten families
2. ^† troop of ten men
3. ^† set of ten poems
4. ^† Alternative form of 十 (shí, “ten”), usually used in fractions or multiples.
5. miscellaneous; assorted
6. Alternative form of 雜 / 杂 (zá)
7. a surname

Compounds

• 什一
• 什一之利
• 什不閑 / 什不闲
• 什件 (shíjiàn)
• 什件兒 / 什件儿
• 什伯
• 什器 (shíqì)
• 什物 (shíwù)
• 什百
• 什葉 / 什叶
• 什葉派 / 什叶派 (Shíyèpài)
• 什襲 / 什袭
• 什襲珍藏 / 什袭珍藏
• 什錦 / 什锦 (shíjǐn)
• 什面
• 佳什
• 僗什子 / 𫢬什子
• 克什克騰 / 克什克腾
• 勞什子 / 劳什子 (láoshízi)
• 勞什骨子 / 劳什骨子
• 印古什 (Yìngǔshí)
• 哈什螞 / 哈什蚂
• 喀什
• 喀什噶爾 / 喀什噶尔
• 喀什米爾 / 喀什米尔 (Kàshímǐ'ěr)
• 喀拉喀什 (Kālākāshí)
• 塔什庫爾干 / 塔什库尔干 (Tǎshíkù'ěrgān)
• 孟什維克 / 孟什维克 (mèngshíwéikè)
• 家什
• 巴什吉爾 / 巴什吉尔
• 庫米什 / 库米什 (Kùmǐshí)
• 戈什
• 戈什哈
• 拜什吐格曼 (Bàishí Tǔgémàn)
• 撈什子 / 捞什子
• 烏什 / 乌什 (Wūshí)
• 烏夏巴什 / 乌夏巴什 (Wūxiàbāshí)
• 物什 (wùshí)
• 玉龍喀什 / 玉龙喀什 (Yùlóngkāshí)
• 瑪特廖什卡 / 玛特廖什卡 (mǎtèliàoshíkǎ)
• 篇什
• 素什錦 / 素什锦
• 闊什塔格 / 阔什塔格 (Kuòshítǎgé)
• 闊什薩特瑪 / 阔什萨特玛 (Kuòshísàtèmǎ)
• 阿圖什 / 阿图什 (Ātúshí)
• 風什 / 风什

 

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		什

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zá (za²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄚˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zá
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zá
    • Wade–Giles: tsa²
    • Yale: dzá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzar
    • Palladius: цза (cza)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sä³⁵/

Definitions

什

1. Only used in 通什.

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		什

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siáⁿ / sáⁿ / siahⁿ / sahⁿ

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: siánn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sviar
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siã⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siã⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /siã⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sáⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: sánn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svar
    • IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sã⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sã⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siahⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: siannh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sviaq
  • (Hokkien: Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sahⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: sannh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svaq

Note: siahⁿ/sahⁿ - at the end of a phrase.

Definitions

什

1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 啥 (“what”)

   • 腦海中的走馬燈　留戀什路用 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     脑海中的走马灯　留恋什路用 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 葉俊麟 (lyrics), 邱芳德 (music), 留戀什路用, performed by 陳一郎

     náu-hái tiong ê cháu-bé-teng, liû-loân siáⁿ lō͘-ēng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     What use is there to think with nostalgia about the horse lamp in my mind?

   • 這到底是什日子 [Hokkien, trad.]
     这到底是什日子 [Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 郭之仪 (lyrics and music), 愈遥远愈想你, performed by 卓勤培

     che tàu-té sī siáⁿ li̍t-chí [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     What day is this actually?

References

• “什”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “什”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 208.

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 什

什

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. (financial, obsolete) ten

Readings

• Go-on: じゅう (jū)^{←じふ (zifu, historical)}
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū)^{←しふ (sifu, historical)}
• Kun: くみ (kumi, 什)、とお (tō, 什)^{←とを (towo, 什, historical)}、まじる (majiru, 什じる)

Korean

Hanja

什 • (sip, jip) (hangeul 십, 집, revised sip, jip, McCune–Reischauer sip, chip)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

什: Hán Nôm readings: thập, lặt, thậm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation