ἀριθμός

See also: αριθμός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ri-dʰh₁-mó-s, from *h₂rey- (“to count, arrange”). Cognates include Old Irish rím, Old English rīm (English rhyme), and perhaps Latin rītus. Also compare νήριτος (nḗritos, “countless”).^[1]

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.ritʰ.mós/ → /a.riθˈmos/ → /a.riθˈmos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.ritʰ.mós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.ritʰˈmos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.riθˈmos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.riθˈmos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.riθˈmos/

Noun

ᾰ̓ρῐθμός • (arithmós) m (genitive ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)

1. number
   1. amount, sum
   2. term in a series
   3. number, account, rank
2. quantity, amount (of a material, gold, money, time)
3. numbered or countable item (in a series or list), item; piece (of a wrecked ship); mere entity, cipher (to a person)
4. taking account or evaluation; regard (for a woman); reckoning (by a person's words)
5. numbering, counting
6. arithmetic
7. (philosophy) abstract number
8. (grammar) number
9. numeral
10. science of numbers, arithmetic, calculation
11. mathematical unit or aggregate of units, number (as odd or even); (as underlying the organisation of time and space); (as the cause of being and generation);(existing as an ideal entity, opp. as a mathematical object)
12. (rhetoric) rhythm
13. numerical sum, number, total number (of persons, animals, things)
14. (rhetorical) numerical measurement (of the configuration of speech, reference to rhythm)
15. collection (of individuals forming a group), number, company (of men, envoys, disciples)
16. military unit (= Latin numerus)
17. (astrology, usually in the plural) degrees moved traversed in a given time
18. (medicine) precise condition

Inflection

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ᾰ̓ρῐθμός ho arithmós	τὼ ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ tṑ arithmṓ	οἱ ᾰ̓ρῐθμοί hoi arithmoí
Genitive	τοῦ ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ toû arithmoû	τοῖν ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖν toîn arithmoîn	τῶν ᾰ̓ρῐθμῶν tôn arithmôn
Dative	τῷ ᾰ̓ρῐθμῷ tôi arithmôi	τοῖν ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖν toîn arithmoîn	τοῖς ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῖς toîs arithmoîs
Accusative	τὸν ᾰ̓ρῐθμόν tòn arithmón	τὼ ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ tṑ arithmṓ	τοὺς ᾰ̓ρῐθμούς toùs arithmoús
Vocative	ᾰ̓ρῐθμέ arithmé	ᾰ̓ρῐθμώ arithmṓ	ᾰ̓ρῐθμοί arithmoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ὁ ᾰ̓ρῐθμός; τοῦ ᾰ̓ρῐθμοῦ (Attic)

Derived terms

• Ἀρῐθμοί (Arithmoí)
• ἀριθμέω (arithméō)
  • ἀριθμητικός (arithmētikós)
    • ἀριθμητική (τέχνη) (arithmētikḗ (tékhnē), “(art of) counting”)

Descendants

• Greek: αριθμός (arithmós)

  Αριθμοί m pl (Arithmoí, “Numbers”)

• Pontic Greek: αριθμόν (arithmón)

References

1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀριθμός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 131

Further reading

• “ἀριθμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀριθμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἀριθμός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀριθμός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἀριθμός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀριθμός in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “ἀριθμός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G706 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • arithmetic idem, page 39.
  • assortment idem, page 47.
  • batch idem, page 65.
  • cipher idem, page 132.
  • ciphering idem, page 132.
  • computation idem, page 154.
  • quantity idem, page 663.
  • set idem, page 756.
  • size idem, page 780.
  • sum idem, page 837.