अर्घ

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অৰ্ঘ (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬃᬖ (Balinese script)
• অর্ঘ (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰨𑰿𑰑 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀭𑁆𑀖 (Brahmi script)
• အရ်္ဃ (Burmese script)
• અર્ઘ (Gujarati script)
• ਅਰ੍ਘ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌰𑍍𑌘 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦂꦓ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂩𑂹𑂐 (Kaithi script)
• ಅರ್ಘ (Kannada script)
• អឃ៌ (Khmer script)
• ອຣ຺ຆ (Lao script)
• അര്ഘ (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᡵᢚᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘨𑘿𑘑 (Modi script)
• ᠠᠷᠺᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑧈𑧠𑦱 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐬𑑂𑐑 (Newa script)
• ଅର୍ଘ (Odia script)
• ꢂꢬ꣄ꢕ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆫𑇀𑆔 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖨𑖿𑖑 (Siddham script)
• අර්‍ඝ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩼 𑪙𑩟 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚤𑚶𑚍 (Takri script)
• அர்க⁴ (Tamil script)
• అర్ఘ (Telugu script)
• อรฺฆ (Thai script)
• ཨ་རྒྷ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒩𑓂𑒒 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨫𑩇𑨎 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hargʰás (“price, value”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elgʷʰós, from *h₂elgʷʰ- (“to cost, have value”). Cognate with Ossetian аргъ (arǧ), Sogdian [script needed] ('rγ), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬘𐬀𐬵 (ar^əjah, “value, price”), Persian ارزش (arzeš, “value”), ارز (arz, “currency”), Ancient Greek ἀλφή (alphḗ, “gain”), Lithuanian alga (“wages”).^[1] Compare also Hungarian ár (“price”), an early Indo-Iranian borrowing.^[2]

The Sanskrit root is अर्ह् (arh).^[3]

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐɾ.ɡʱɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɐɾ.ɡʱɐ/

Noun

अर्घ • (arghá) stem, m

1. worth, value, price

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of अर्घ (arghá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	अर्घः argháḥ	अर्घौ / अर्घा¹ arghaú / arghā́¹	अर्घाः / अर्घासः¹ arghā́ḥ / arghā́saḥ¹
Vocative	अर्घ árgha	अर्घौ / अर्घा¹ árghau / árghā¹	अर्घाः / अर्घासः¹ árghāḥ / árghāsaḥ¹
Accusative	अर्घम् arghám	अर्घौ / अर्घा¹ arghaú / arghā́¹	अर्घान् arghā́n
Instrumental	अर्घेण arghéṇa	अर्घाभ्याम् arghā́bhyām	अर्घैः / अर्घेभिः¹ arghaíḥ / arghébhiḥ¹
Dative	अर्घाय arghā́ya	अर्घाभ्याम् arghā́bhyām	अर्घेभ्यः arghébhyaḥ
Ablative	अर्घात् arghā́t	अर्घाभ्याम् arghā́bhyām	अर्घेभ्यः arghébhyaḥ
Genitive	अर्घस्य arghásya	अर्घयोः argháyoḥ	अर्घाणाम् arghā́ṇām
Locative	अर्घे arghé	अर्घयोः argháyoḥ	अर्घेषु arghéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• धनार्घ (dhanārghá)
• शतार्घ (śatārghá)
• सहस्रार्घ (sahasrārghá)

Related terms

• अर्हति (arhati)

Descendants

• Pali: aggha
  • → Khmer: អគ្ឃ (ʼɑkkhɔɔ)
• Prakrit: 𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀖 (aggha)
  • Central:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀖 (aggha)
      • Braj: आघु (āghu, “price”)
      • Hindustani: āgh
        • Hindi: आघ
        • Urdu: آگھ (āgh)
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit:
      • Bihari:
        • Maithili: आघी (āghī)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: އަގު (agu)
      • Sinhalese: අගය (agaya)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀅𑀕𑁆𑀖 (aggha)
  • Western:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Punjabi: aggha

          Gurmukhi script: ਅੱਘ

          Shahmukhi script: اگّھَ

          • Lahnda: اگھ (aggh)
      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi: aghu

          Sindhi: اگھُ

          Sindhi: अघु

• → Bengali: অর্ঘ্য (orggho)
• → Telugu: అర్ఘము (arghamu)
• → Old Malay:
  • Malay: harga
    • Indonesian: harga
    • Javanese: rega
    • → Lao: ຮາຄາ (hā khā), ລາຄາ (lā khā)
    • → Thai: ราคา (raa-kaa)
  • → Tagalog: halaga
• → Thai: อรรฆ (àk)
• → Waray-Waray: halaga

References

1. Puhvel, Jaan (1991) Hittite Etymological Dictionary, Mouton de Gruyter, page 41
2. Entry #26 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
3. Monier Williams (1899) “अर्घ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 89.

• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “argha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 28