زيار

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Aramaic זַיָּירָא (zayyārā, “presser, that in which an object is squeezed”), related to זוּר (zōr, “to tie up, to wring, to press, to hold on tightly”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zi.jaːr/

Noun

زِيَار • (ziyār) m (plural زِيَارَات (ziyārāt)) (obsolete, farriery)

1. barnacle, twitch, a kind of pincers or vise to fix the mouth of a horse to yield the opportunity of surgery
   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 33, Art. 9, page 673:

     فإذا أَرَدتَ فتح عرق أو وداج فخذ المبضع بين إصبعك الإبهام والسبّابة كأخذك القلم للكتابة به وليكن نصابه في راحتك وتخرج من رأسه خارج طرفي إصبعك المذكورين قدر طول ظفر إبهامك وأقلّ من ذلك إلى قدر نصف ظفر إبهامك ثم أفتح العرق إلى فوق شقّا بليغا برفق وخفّة. وأمّا التوديج يالقضيب وهو معلوم فتركب فيه المبضع وتخرج من طرفه خارج من القضيب قدر طول ظفر إبهامك، ولا تعجل بالضرب بالمبضع حتّى تقف على العرق بعينه وخاصة الوداجين، ولا تودّج حتّى تستوثق من الدابّة بالشكل والزيار ليألُ يضطرب وتختنق الدابّة بالخناق خنقا شديدا ليدرّ العرق. فإن ذلك موضوع خبيث وإن جاوزت يدك ربّما أصاب المبضع عرق الماء وهو المريء الدابّة فقتله.

     If you want to open a vein or jugular, take the scalpel between your thumb and index finger, take it like you take the quill for writing with it, so that its grip is in your palm, and you turn away from its head outwith the two tips of your said fingers by a length of the nail of your thumb and less than that by a half of the nail of your thumb, then you open the vein upwards making a sufficient cut with gentleness and levity. And what concerns the cutting the jugular with the known rod, you mount the scalpel in it and you move away from the rod’s tip by the length of the nail of your thumb, but don’t hasten with hitting with the scalpel until you have discerned the vein by its eye, particularly the two jugulars, and don’t do a jugular cut until you have provided for the security of the beast by hopples and a twitch, so you do not agitate or suffocate the beast at its throat by excessive choking, so the vein flows with abundance. This part being particularly perilous, if your hand go to far then the scalpel could hit the water vein [or windpipe], that is the oesophaghus of the beast, and it would kill it.

Declension

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زِيَار ziyār	الزِّيَار az-ziyār	زِيَار ziyār
Nominative	زِيَارٌ ziyārun	الزِّيَارُ az-ziyāru	زِيَارُ ziyāru
Accusative	زِيَارًا ziyāran	الزِّيَارَ az-ziyāra	زِيَارَ ziyāra
Genitive	زِيَارٍ ziyārin	الزِّيَارِ az-ziyāri	زِيَارِ ziyāri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زِيَارَيْن ziyārayn	الزِّيَارَيْن az-ziyārayn	زِيَارَيْ ziyāray
Nominative	زِيَارَانِ ziyārāni	الزِّيَارَانِ az-ziyārāni	زِيَارَا ziyārā
Accusative	زِيَارَيْنِ ziyārayni	الزِّيَارَيْنِ az-ziyārayni	زِيَارَيْ ziyāray
Genitive	زِيَارَيْنِ ziyārayni	الزِّيَارَيْنِ az-ziyārayni	زِيَارَيْ ziyāray
Plural	sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	زِيَارَات ziyārāt	الزِّيَارَات az-ziyārāt	زِيَارَات ziyārāt
Nominative	زِيَارَاتٌ ziyārātun	الزِّيَارَاتُ az-ziyārātu	زِيَارَاتُ ziyārātu
Accusative	زِيَارَاتٍ ziyārātin	الزِّيَارَاتِ az-ziyārāti	زِيَارَاتِ ziyārāti
Genitive	زِيَارَاتٍ ziyārātin	الزِّيَارَاتِ az-ziyārāti	زِيَارَاتِ ziyārāti

Declension of noun زِيَار (ziyār)

Derived terms

• زَيَّرَ (zayyara, “to press with the twitch”)

Descendants

• → Galician: aceal
• → Leonese: aceal
• → Portuguese: aziar
• → Spanish: aciar, acial

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

زِيَار • (ziyār) pl (rare)

1. plural of زِير (zīr, “cask”)

   Synonym: أَزْيَار (ʔazyār)

References

• “zyyr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Corriente, Federico (2008) “acial/r”, in Dictionary of Arabic and Allied Loanwords. Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 97), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 21
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “زيار”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 618
• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 266
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “زيار”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 270
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “زيار”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 1032
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “زيار”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1277