جوهر

See also: جوہر and خوهر

Arabic

Etymology

From Classical Persian گَوهَر (gawhar).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaw.har/

Noun

جَوْهَر • (jawhar) m (collective, singulative جَوْهَرَة f (jawhara), plural جَوَاهِر (jawāhir))

1. jewel(s)

   جَوْهَر فَرْد ― jawhar fard ― atom

2. precious stone(s)
3. pearl(s)
4. gem(s), gemstone(s)
5. any stone from which one may extract a profit
6. precious ore
7. veins of marble

Declension

Collective	basic collective triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوْهَر jawhar	الْجَوْهَر al-jawhar	جَوْهَر jawhar
Nominative	جَوْهَرٌ jawharun	الْجَوْهَرُ al-jawharu	جَوْهَرُ jawharu
Accusative	جَوْهَرًا jawharan	الْجَوْهَرَ al-jawhara	جَوْهَرَ jawhara
Genitive	جَوْهَرٍ jawharin	الْجَوْهَرِ al-jawhari	جَوْهَرِ jawhari
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوْهَرَة jawhara	الْجَوْهَرَة al-jawhara	جَوْهَرَة jawharat
Nominative	جَوْهَرَةٌ jawharatun	الْجَوْهَرَةُ al-jawharatu	جَوْهَرَةُ jawharatu
Accusative	جَوْهَرَةً jawharatan	الْجَوْهَرَةَ al-jawharata	جَوْهَرَةَ jawharata
Genitive	جَوْهَرَةٍ jawharatin	الْجَوْهَرَةِ al-jawharati	جَوْهَرَةِ jawharati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوْهَرَتَيْن jawharatayn	الْجَوْهَرَتَيْن al-jawharatayn	جَوْهَرَتَيْ jawharatay
Nominative	جَوْهَرَتَانِ jawharatāni	الْجَوْهَرَتَانِ al-jawharatāni	جَوْهَرَتَا jawharatā
Accusative	جَوْهَرَتَيْنِ jawharatayni	الْجَوْهَرَتَيْنِ al-jawharatayni	جَوْهَرَتَيْ jawharatay
Genitive	جَوْهَرَتَيْنِ jawharatayni	الْجَوْهَرَتَيْنِ al-jawharatayni	جَوْهَرَتَيْ jawharatay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوْهَرَات jawharāt	الْجَوْهَرَات al-jawharāt	جَوْهَرَات jawharāt
Nominative	جَوْهَرَاتٌ jawharātun	الْجَوْهَرَاتُ al-jawharātu	جَوْهَرَاتُ jawharātu
Accusative	جَوْهَرَاتٍ jawharātin	الْجَوْهَرَاتِ al-jawharāti	جَوْهَرَاتِ jawharāti
Genitive	جَوْهَرَاتٍ jawharātin	الْجَوْهَرَاتِ al-jawharāti	جَوْهَرَاتِ jawharāti
Plural of variety	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوَاهِر jawāhir	الْجَوَاهِر al-jawāhir	جَوَاهِر jawāhir
Nominative	جَوَاهِرُ jawāhiru	الْجَوَاهِرُ al-jawāhiru	جَوَاهِرُ jawāhiru
Accusative	جَوَاهِرَ jawāhira	الْجَوَاهِرَ al-jawāhira	جَوَاهِرَ jawāhira
Genitive	جَوَاهِرَ jawāhira	الْجَوَاهِرِ al-jawāhiri	جَوَاهِرِ jawāhiri

Declension of noun جَوْهَر (jawhar)

Noun

جَوْهَر • (jawhar) m (plural جَوَاهِر (jawāhir))

1. essence (inherent nature), substance, matter, nature
2. soul
3. marrow
4. worth, excellence

Declension

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوْهَر jawhar	الْجَوْهَر al-jawhar	جَوْهَر jawhar
Nominative	جَوْهَرٌ jawharun	الْجَوْهَرُ al-jawharu	جَوْهَرُ jawharu
Accusative	جَوْهَرًا jawharan	الْجَوْهَرَ al-jawhara	جَوْهَرَ jawhara
Genitive	جَوْهَرٍ jawharin	الْجَوْهَرِ al-jawhari	جَوْهَرِ jawhari
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوْهَرَيْن jawharayn	الْجَوْهَرَيْن al-jawharayn	جَوْهَرَيْ jawharay
Nominative	جَوْهَرَانِ jawharāni	الْجَوْهَرَانِ al-jawharāni	جَوْهَرَا jawharā
Accusative	جَوْهَرَيْنِ jawharayni	الْجَوْهَرَيْنِ al-jawharayni	جَوْهَرَيْ jawharay
Genitive	جَوْهَرَيْنِ jawharayni	الْجَوْهَرَيْنِ al-jawharayni	جَوْهَرَيْ jawharay
Plural	basic broken plural diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوَاهِر jawāhir	الْجَوَاهِر al-jawāhir	جَوَاهِر jawāhir
Nominative	جَوَاهِرُ jawāhiru	الْجَوَاهِرُ al-jawāhiru	جَوَاهِرُ jawāhiru
Accusative	جَوَاهِرَ jawāhira	الْجَوَاهِرَ al-jawāhira	جَوَاهِرَ jawāhira
Genitive	جَوَاهِرَ jawāhira	الْجَوَاهِرِ al-jawāhiri	جَوَاهِرِ jawāhiri

Declension of noun جَوْهَر (jawhar)

Descendants

• Maltese: ġawhar
• → Azerbaijani: cövhər
• → Chagatai: جوهر
  • Uzbek: javhar
• → Chechen: жовхӏар (žovhar)
• → Kazakh: жауһар (jauhar)
• → Malay: jauhar
  • Indonesian: jauhar
• → Malay: Johor
  • → English: Johor, Johore
• → Middle Armenian: ջոհար (ǰohar), ջուար (ǰuar), ջօհար (ǰōhar), ջուհար (ǰuhar), ջաւհար (ǰawhar), ճոհար (čohar), ճուհար (čuhar), ճօհար (čōhar)
• → Ottoman Turkish: جوهر (cevher)
  • Turkish: cevher
  • → Armenian: ճէվհէր (čēvhēr)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: џевер

    Latin script: džever

• → Persian: جوهر (jowhar)
  • → Bengali: জওহর (joōhor)
  • → Gujarati: જૌહર (jauhar), જોહર (johar)
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: जौहर (jauhar)

    Urdu: جَوہَر (jauhar)

  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਜੌਹਰ (jauhar)

    Shahmukhi script: جَوہَر (jauhar)

• → Swahili: johari

References

• Lane, Edward William (1863) “جوهر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “جوهر”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “جوهر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَوْهَر (jawhar, “jewel, gem, precious stone”), from Classical Persian گَوهَر (gawhar, “jewel, gem”), from Middle Persian gwhl (gôhr).

Noun

جوهر • (cevher) (plural جوهرلر (cevherler) or جواهر (cevahir))

1. jewel, any valuable object used for personal ornamentation

   Synonyms: قویم (kuyum), مجوهر (mücevher)

2. gem, gemstone, any precious or semi-precious stone

   Synonym: قیمتلو طاش (kıymetli taş)

3. ore, rock or other material that contains valuable materials

   Synonym: معدن (maʼden)

4. damascening, the process of making a sword damascene

Derived terms

• جوهر علوی (cevher-i ʼulvi, “superior essence”)
• جوهر فرد (cevher-i ferd, “atom”)
• جوهر مجرد (cevher-i mücerred, “absolute essence”)
• جوهردار (cevherdar, “set with jewels”)
• جوهرلو (cevherli, “set with jewels”)
• جوهری (cevheri, “pertaining to precious stones”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: cevher
• → Armenian: ճէվհէր (čēvhēr)
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: џевер

  Latin script: džever

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “cevher”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 785
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “جوهر”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 192b
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “جوهر”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 451
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Gemma”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 642
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “جوهر”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 1685
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “cevher”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “جوهر”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 691

Persian

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:

جوهر

Wikipedia ^fa

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جَوْهَر (jawhar), itself from Early Classical Persian گَوهَر (gawhar), from Middle Persian gwhl (gôhr).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒaw.ˈhaɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw.hǽɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw.hǽɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.wǽɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.wǽɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒow.hǽɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw.hǽɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	jawhar
Dari reading?	jawhar
Iranian reading?	jowhar
Tajik reading?	javhar

Noun

جوهر • (jowhar) (plural جوهرها (jowhar-hâ))

1. essence, substance
2. ink, dye
3. acid

   Synonym: اسید (asid)

Derived terms

• جوهر سرکه (jowhar-e serke)
• جوهر لیمو (jowhar-e limu)
• جوهر مورچه (jowhar-e murče)
• جوهر نمک (jowhar-e namak)
• جوهر گوگرد (jowhar-e gugerd)
• جوهری (jowhari)

 

Noun

جوهر • (jowhar) (plural جواهر (javâher))

1. (archaic) jewel, gem, pearl

Usage notes

• جواهر (javâher) is now used as a singular noun for "jewel".

Descendants

• → Bengali: জওহর (joōhor)
• → Gujarati: જૌહર (jauhar), જોહર (johar)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: जौहर (jauhar)

  Urdu: جَوہَر (jauhar)

• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਜੌਹਰ (jauhar)

  Shahmukhi script: جَوہَر (jauhar)