χριστός

See also: Χριστός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From χρῑ́ω (khrī́ō, “to rub, ceremonially anoint”) +‎ -τός (-tós, verbal adjective suffix).^[1]

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kʰriːs.tós/ → /xrisˈtos/ → /xrisˈtos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰriːs.tós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kʰrisˈtos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /xrisˈtos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /xrisˈtos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /xrisˈtos/

• Homophone: χρηστός (khrēstós) (Koine from the 4th century AD on)

Adjective

χρῑστός • (khrīstós) m (feminine χρῑστή, neuter χρῑστόν); first/second declension

1. to be rubbed on, used as ointment or salve
2. (biblical, in the Septuagint) describing someone who was ceremonially anointed

Inflection

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		χρῑστός khrīstós	χρῑστή khrīstḗ	χρῑστόν khrīstón		χρῑστώ khrīstṓ	χρῑστᾱ́ khrīstā́	χρῑστώ khrīstṓ		χρῑστοί khrīstoí	χρῑσταί khrīstaí	χρῑστᾰ́ khrīstắ
Genitive		χρῑστοῦ khrīstoû	χρῑστῆς khrīstês	χρῑστοῦ khrīstoû		χρῑστοῖν khrīstoîn	χρῑσταῖν khrīstaîn	χρῑστοῖν khrīstoîn		χρῑστῶν khrīstôn	χρῑστῶν khrīstôn	χρῑστῶν khrīstôn
Dative		χρῑστῷ khrīstôi	χρῑστῇ khrīstêi	χρῑστῷ khrīstôi		χρῑστοῖν khrīstoîn	χρῑσταῖν khrīstaîn	χρῑστοῖν khrīstoîn		χρῑστοῖς khrīstoîs	χρῑσταῖς khrīstaîs	χρῑστοῖς khrīstoîs
Accusative		χρῑστόν khrīstón	χρῑστήν khrīstḗn	χρῑστόν khrīstón		χρῑστώ khrīstṓ	χρῑστᾱ́ khrīstā́	χρῑστώ khrīstṓ		χρῑστούς khrīstoús	χρῑστᾱ́ς khrīstā́s	χρῑστᾰ́ khrīstắ
Vocative		χρῑστέ khrīsté	χρῑστή khrīstḗ	χρῑστόν khrīstón		χρῑστώ khrīstṓ	χρῑστᾱ́ khrīstā́	χρῑστώ khrīstṓ		χρῑστοί khrīstoí	χρῑσταί khrīstaí	χρῑστᾰ́ khrīstắ
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		χρῑστῶς khrīstôs				χρῑστότερος khrīstóteros				χρῑστότᾰτος khrīstótătos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of χρῑστός; χρῑστή; χρῑστόν (Attic)

Derived terms

• μῠρόχρῑστος (mŭrókhrīstos)

Noun

χρῑστός • (khrīstós) m (genitive χρῑστοῦ); second declension

1. (biblical) anointed one, translation of Hebrew משיח (mashiach, “messiah”)

Inflection

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ χρῑστός ho khrīstós	τὼ χρῑστώ tṑ khrīstṓ	οἱ χρῑστοί hoi khrīstoí
Genitive	τοῦ χρῑστοῦ toû khrīstoû	τοῖν χρῑστοῖν toîn khrīstoîn	τῶν χρῑστῶν tôn khrīstôn
Dative	τῷ χρῑστῷ tôi khrīstôi	τοῖν χρῑστοῖν toîn khrīstoîn	τοῖς χρῑστοῖς toîs khrīstoîs
Accusative	τὸν χρῑστόν tòn khrīstón	τὼ χρῑστώ tṑ khrīstṓ	τοὺς χρῑστούς toùs khrīstoús
Vocative	χρῑστέ khrīsté	χρῑστώ khrīstṓ	χρῑστοί khrīstoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ὁ χρῑστός; τοῦ χρῑστοῦ (Attic)

Derived terms

• Χριστιανός (Khristianós)
• Χριστός (Khristós)

Descendants

• → Latin: chrīstus

References

1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χρῑ́ω, -ομαι (> DER > 6. χριστός)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1650

Further reading

• “χριστός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “χριστός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• χριστός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G5547 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• “χριστός”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011