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éves
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Hungarian
Etymology
Pronunciation
Adjective
éves (not comparable)
- annual, yearly
- éves bérlet ― annual pass, yearly ticket
- year(s) old
- -year (lasting for a given number of years)
- Synonym: (less common) esztendős
- ötéves terv ― five-year plan
Usage notes
Compound adjectives with a numeral and the name of a unit (as in “a one-hour walk” or “a three-storey building”) are written as solid if both constituents are single words, e.g. egyórás séta (“a one-hour walk”), from egy and órás). By contrast, if either element is a compound word (or both of them are), their compound will be written as separate words, e.g. tizenegy órás út (“a trip/flight of eleven hours”)), from tizen+egy + órás or egy hónapos utazás (“a journey of one month”), from egy + hó+napos. (See also the analogous rule for material designations.) In practice, this rule is sometimes disregarded, especially in casual texts and in case of less common compounds, as people often write them with a space (notwithstanding the single-word elements).
The -van/-ven (“-ty”) in round tens are suffixes, so e.g. negyvennapos (“forty‑day”) is written as solid. On the other hand, compounds with a number are always written separately, e.g. 6 éves. Also, adjectives (and nouns) for the denomination of coins, banknotes, and revenue stamps are written as solid, e.g. kétezerforintos bankjegy (“a 2000‑forint bill”), despite kétezerforintos having the compound numeral két+ezer (“2000”).
Declension
Derived terms
Noun
éves (plural évesek)
- (in compounds, usually in the plural, construed with a cardinal number) a person of a certain age
- a huszonévesek ― the twentysomethings
- az ötvenévesek ― the fifty-year-olds
- (in compounds, usually in the plural, construed with an ordinal number without -ik) a student of a certain year
- az elsőévesek ― the first-year students
- a harmadévesek ― the third-year students
Usage notes
Since the numerals between 10 and 19 and those between 20 and 29 start with tizen- and huszon- in Hungarian (as opposed to tíz and húsz), their compounds above refer to people of an age within the entire range. However, numerals expressing tens from 30 on are formed without ‑on/‑an/‑en/‑ön, so the compounds above express people of a specific age. (As an exception, harminconévesek (“thirtysomethings”) might still be possible.) To refer to the decade, either terms like harmincasok/negyvenesek/ötvenesek/hatvanasok/hetvenesek/nyolcvanasok/kilencvenesek, or phrases like a harmincas/negyvenes/ötvenes/hatvanas/hetvenes/nyolcvanas/kilencvenes éveikben lévők/járók (“those in their thirties/forties/fifties/sixties/seventies/eighties/nineties”) may be used.
Declension
See also
Further reading
- éves in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
- éves in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
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