sustenir

Ladin

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sustenīre, from Latin sustinēre, present active infinitive of sustineō.

Verb

sustenir

1. To support, sustain

Conjugation

• Ladin conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

infinitive	sustenir, sustenì
auxiliary verb		avei	gerund		sustenian
past participle		sustenì
person	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	ie	tu	el / ela	nos	vos	ei / eles
present	sustene, sustenesce	sustenes, sustenesces	susten, sustenesc	sustenion	sustenieis	susten, sustenesc
imperfect	sustenive	sustenives	susteniva	sustenivan	sustenivais	susteniva
future	susteniré	susteniras	sustenirà	susteniron	sustenireis	sustenirà
subjunctive	che ie	che tu	che el / ela	che nos	che vos	che ei / eles
present	sustene, sustenesce	sustenes, sustenesces	sustene, sustenesce	sustenion	sustenieis	sustene, sustenesce
imperfect	sustenisse	sustenisses	sustenissa	sustenissan	sustenissais	sustenissa
imperative	–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
	—	susten, sustenesc	—	sustenion	sustenide	—

Conjugation of sustenir (fourth conjugation)

Old French

Alternative forms

• soustenir, sostenir

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sustenīre, from Latin sustinēre, present active infinitive of sustineō.

Verb

sustenir

1. to hold up; to support
2. (by extension) to support; to sustain

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem sustien distinct from the unstressed stem susten, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

		simple			compound
infinitive		sustenir			avoir sustenu
gerund		en sustenant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		sustenant
past participle		sustenu
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	sustieng, sustien	sustiens	sustient	sustenons	sustenez	sustienent
	imperfect	sustenoie, susteneie	sustenoies, susteneies	sustenoit, susteneit	susteniiens, susteniens	susteniiez, susteniez	sustenoient, susteneient
	preterite	sustin	sustenis	sustint	sustenimes	sustenistes	sustindrent, sustinrent
	future	sustendrai	sustendras	sustendra	sustendrons	sustendroiz, sustendreiz, sustendrez	sustendront
	conditional	sustendroie, sustendreie	sustendroies, sustendreies	sustendroit, sustendreit	sustendriiens, sustendriens	sustendriiez, sustendriez	sustendroient, sustendreient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	sustiegne	sustiegnes	sustiegne	sustiegniens, sustiegnons	sustiegniez	sustiegnent
	imperfect	sustenisse	sustenisses	sustenist	sustenissons, sustenissiens	sustenissoiz, sustenissez, sustenissiez	sustenissent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	sustien	—	sustenons	sustenez	—

    Conjugation of sustenir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

Descendants

• English: to sustain
• Middle French: soustenir
  • French: soutenir