spulgs

Latvian

Etymology

From earlier *spulgts, the past participle of an old (still dialectally attested) verb spulgt (“to shine”), from Proto-Baltic *spelg-, *spilg-, *spulg- (whence also spilgts), from Proto-Indo-European *pel-, *spel-, *spʰel- (“to shine”) with an extra g. Cognates include Sanskrit स्फुलिङ्ग (sphuliṅga, “spark”) (< *spʰ(e)li-).^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [spûlks]

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Adjective

spulgs (definite spulgais, comparative spulgāks, superlative visspulgākais, adverb spulgi)

1. (of light, light sources) bright, clear, shining (which emits clear, crisp light)

   spulgas zvaigznes ― bright, clear stars

   spulga uguns ― bright, clear fire

   spulgs rīts ― bright, clear morning

   spulga un kvēla saule kaist debesīs ― a bright, fierce sun burns in the sky

   atausa spulgā rīta gaisma un daba modās dzīvei ― the bright morning light dawned and nature woke up to life

2. (of other objects) bright, clear, shining (which reflects clear, crisp light)

   spulgs ezers ― bright, clear lake

   spulgs diamants ― bright, shiny diamond

   kūtī stāvēja brūns teliņš un spulgām acīm skatījās no telpas pustumsas ― in the barn a little brown calf stood and looked with bright eyes from the semi-darkness of the room

   pagriezusi galvu uz durvju pusi, viņa paskatījās manī spulgu, priecīgu skatienu ― turning (her) head towards the door, she looked at me with a bright, happy look

   iestājās klusums, kurā Ausmas plaksti bija nolaisti, un tādēļ Kārlis neredzēja spulgo mirdzumu viņas acīs ― there was a silence during which Ausma's eyelids were lowerd, and so Kārlis did not see the bright glow in her eyes

Declension

	masculine (vīriešu dzimte)			feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)		singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	spulgs	spulgi		spulga	spulgas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	spulgu	spulgus		spulgu	spulgas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	spulga	spulgu		spulgas	spulgu
dative (datīvs)	spulgam	spulgiem		spulgai	spulgām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	spulgu	spulgiem		spulgu	spulgām
locative (lokatīvs)	spulgā	spulgos		spulgā	spulgās
vocative (vokatīvs)	—	—		—	—

indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of spulgs

Synonyms

• (of "bright"): gaišs, spīdīgs, spilgts, spodrs, spožs
• (of "clear", "crisp"): skaidrs, dzidrs

Antonyms

• blāvs
• nespodrs
• tumšs

Derived terms

• spulgums

Related terms

• spalgs
• spilgts
• spuldze
• spulga
• spulgot

References

1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “spulgs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN