runco

See also: Runco

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *runkāō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃runk- (“to dig out”), a nasal-infixed form of *h₃rewk- (“to dig out, till soil”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρύσσω (orússō, “to dig”), Sanskrit लुञ्चति (luñcati, “to pluck”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈrun.koː/, [ˈrʊŋkoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈrun.ko/, [ˈruŋko]

Verb

runcō (present infinitive runcāre, perfect active runcāvī, supine runcātum); first conjugation

1. to weed, clear of weeds
2. to weed out, thin out, root up

Conjugation

Conjugation of runcō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	runcō	runcās	runcat	runcāmus	runcātis	runcant
	imperfect	runcābam	runcābās	runcābat	runcābāmus	runcābātis	runcābant
	future	runcābō	runcābis	runcābit	runcābimus	runcābitis	runcābunt
	perfect	runcāvī	runcāvistī	runcāvit	runcāvimus	runcāvistis	runcāvērunt, runcāvēre
	pluperfect	runcāveram	runcāverās	runcāverat	runcāverāmus	runcāverātis	runcāverant
	future perfect	runcāverō	runcāveris	runcāverit	runcāverimus	runcāveritis	runcāverint
passive	present	runcor	runcāris, runcāre	runcātur	runcāmur	runcāminī	runcantur
	imperfect	runcābar	runcābāris, runcābāre	runcābātur	runcābāmur	runcābāminī	runcābantur
	future	runcābor	runcāberis, runcābere	runcābitur	runcābimur	runcābiminī	runcābuntur
	perfect	runcātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	runcātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	runcātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	runcem	runcēs	runcet	runcēmus	runcētis	runcent
	imperfect	runcārem	runcārēs	runcāret	runcārēmus	runcārētis	runcārent
	perfect	runcāverim	runcāverīs	runcāverit	runcāverīmus	runcāverītis	runcāverint
	pluperfect	runcāvissem	runcāvissēs	runcāvisset	runcāvissēmus	runcāvissētis	runcāvissent
passive	present	runcer	runcēris, runcēre	runcētur	runcēmur	runcēminī	runcentur
	imperfect	runcārer	runcārēris, runcārēre	runcārētur	runcārēmur	runcārēminī	runcārentur
	perfect	runcātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	runcātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	runcā	—	—	runcāte	—
	future	—	runcātō	runcātō	—	runcātōte	runcantō
passive	present	—	runcāre	—	—	runcāminī	—
	future	—	runcātor	runcātor	—	—	runcantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		runcāre	runcāvisse	runcātūrum esse	runcārī	runcātum esse	runcātum īrī
participles		runcāns	—	runcātūrus	—	runcātus	runcandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		runcandī	runcandō	runcandum	runcandō	runcātum	runcātū

Derived terms

• ēruncō

Descendants

Numerous forms reflect prefixation with ad-.

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: aruc
  • Megleno-Romanian: runc
  • Romanian: arunca
  • → Albanian: rungoj
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: roncare
  • Sicilian: arrancari
• Padanian:
  • Emilian: rancar
  • Ligurian: rancâ
  • Lombard: rancar
  • Piedmontese: ranché
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Aragonese: rancar, rencar, arencar, arrancar
  • Catalan: arrencar, arrancar
  • Occitan: arrancar, arranchar
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Galician: arrincar
  • Spanish: arrancar
  • Portuguese: arrancar

References

• “runco”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• runco in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• runco in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “runcō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 530