rudens

Danish

Noun

rudens c

1. definite genitive singular of rude

Latin

Etymology 1

Uncertain;^[1] proposed derivations include:

• From a Proto-Indo-European root related to German Riemen (“belt, strap”) and Old English rēoma (“membrane”).
• From a root common to Ancient Greek ἐρύω (erúō, “to drag, draw”), ῥυμός (rhumós, “pole”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈruː.dens/, [ˈruːd̪ẽːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈru.dens/, [ˈruːd̪ens]
• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈru.dens/, [ˈrʊd̪ẽːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈru.dens/, [ˈruːd̪ens]

Noun

rū̆dēns m (genitive rū̆dentis); third declension

1. rope, line, cord, cable
2. halyard, stay, sheet
3. (in the plural) rigging, cordage
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.87:

     Īnsequitur clāmorque virum strīdorque rudentum.

     Next came both the shout[s] of men and the shriek[s] of cordage.
     (The storm at sea engulfs the Trojan fleet. Note: Read “virorum” for “virum.”)

Usage notes

The root vowel is long in Plautus, but occurs as short exclusively at verse-end since Lucilius, Catullus, Vergil.

Declension

Note that rū̆dentium is an alternative form for the Gen. Pl. and rū̆dentī for the Abl. Sg.

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	rū̆dēns	rū̆dentēs
genitive	rū̆dentis	rū̆dentum
dative	rū̆dentī	rū̆dentibus
accusative	rū̆dentem	rū̆dentēs
ablative	rū̆dente	rū̆dentibus
vocative	rū̆dēns	rū̆dentēs

Synonyms

• (halyard): anquīna
• (rope, cord): chorda, cōpula, fūnis, līnum, mītra, restis, retināculum

Descendants

• Italian: rudente

Etymology 2

Present active participle of rudō.

Participle

rudēns (genitive rudentis); third-declension one-termination participle

1. roaring, braying, belling
2. shouting

Declension

Third-declension participle.

	singular			plural
	masc./fem.	neuter		masc./fem.	neuter
nominative	rudēns			rudentēs	rudentia
genitive	rudentis			rudentium
dative	rudentī			rudentibus
accusative	rudentem	rudēns		rudentēs rudentīs	rudentia
ablative	rudente rudentī1			rudentibus
vocative	rudēns			rudentēs	rudentia

¹When used purely as an adjective.

References

• “rudens”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “rudens”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• rudens in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “rudens”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “rudens”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

1. Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954) “rudens”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 446

Latvian

 rudens on Latvian Wikipedia

Rudens

Etymology

From the same stem as the adjective ruds (“reddish brown”) (q.v.), apparently because of the color of leaves in autumn. An older term for “autumn”, cognate with Old Prussian assanis and Russian о́сень (ósenʹ), has been lost, possibly in part due to homonymy with asinis (“blood”). Cognates include Lithuanian ruduõ.^[1]

Noun

rudens m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)

1. autumn (season of the year between summer and winter, from September 23 to December 23 in the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by lower temperatures and by the falling of leaves)

   vēls rudens ― late autumn

   rudens diena, nakts ― autumn day, night

   vasara iet pret rudeni ― summer is going toward autumn

   jūtams rudens tuvums ― one can feel the coming of autumn

   zelta rudens ― goldemn autumn (dry and sunny autumn, with tree leaves showing many shades of color)

2. (in the genitive, used adjectivally) autumn, typical of autumn, used in autumn

   rudens āboli ― autumn apples

   rudens raža ― autumn harvest

   rudens sēja, aršana ― autumn sowing, plowing

   rudens salnas ― autumn frosts

   rudens tirgus ― autumn market

   rudens mētelis ― autumn coat

   ārā vēl arvienu līst sīkais, vienmuļīgais rudens lietus ― outside a small, dreary autumn rain is still falling

3. (figuratively) autumn (final phase, usually followed by the end)

   lai tāda brīža nav, kas skumjās jānožēlo, kad... dzīves rudens kvēlos ― let there be no moment in which one regrets in sadness, when life's autumn is ablaze

Declension

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	rudens	rudeņi
accusative (akuzatīvs)	rudeni	rudeņus
genitive (ģenitīvs)	rudens	rudeņu
dative (datīvs)	rudenim	rudeņiem
instrumental (instrumentālis)	rudeni	rudeņiem
locative (lokatīvs)	rudenī	rudeņos
vocative (vokatīvs)	rudeni	rudeņi

Declension of rudens (2nd declension)

Derived terms

• rudenīgs
• šoruden, toruden

See also

• gadalaiks
• sezona

(seasons) četri gadalaiki; pavasaris, vasara, rudens, ziema ^{(Category: lv:Seasons)}

References

1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “rudens”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian

Noun

rudens m

1. genitive singular of ruduo