qd

See also: QD

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /qʼaːtʼ/ → /qʼaːtʼ/ → /qʼaːtʼ/ → /qʼoːtʼ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /qʼaːtʼ/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /qʼaːtʼ/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /qʼaːtʼ/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /qʼoːtʼ/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /kɛd/
  • Conventional anglicization: qed

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to build

Inflection

Conjugation of qd (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: qd, geminated stem: qdd

infinitival forms imperative infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural qd qdw, qd qdt qd, j.qd qd, j.qd ‘pseudoverbal’ forms stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2 qd ḥr qd m qd r qd suffix conjugation aspect / mood active passive contingent aspect / mood active passive perfect qd.n qdw, qd consecutive qd.jn active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 terminative qdt perfective3 qd active + .tj1, .tw2 obligative1 qd.ḫr active + .tj1, .tw2 imperfective qd, j.qd1 active + .tj1, .tw2 prospective3 qd qdd potentialis1 qd.kꜣ active + .tj1, .tw2 active + .tj1, .tw2 subjunctive qd, j.qd1 active + .tj1, .tw2 verbal adjectives aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles active passive active passive perfect qd.n active + .tj1, .tw2 — — perfective qd active + .tj1, .tw2 qd qdd, qddj6, qd2, qdw2 5, qdy2 5 imperfective j.qd1, qd, qdy, qdw5 active + .tj1, .tw2 j.qd1, j.qdw1 5, qd, qdj6, qdy6 qd, qdw5 prospective qd, qdtj7 — qdtj4, qdt4 1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. 2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. 3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. 4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular. 6 Only in the masculine. 7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of qd  

qd	qd

Derived terms

• jqdw

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲧ (kōt)

Noun

 m

1. form
2. character, nature
3. extent

Inflection

Declension of qd (masculine)

singular	qd
dual	qdwj
plural	qdw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of qd  

qd

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 35, 232, 391.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 84
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 72
• "qd (to build)" at Ancient Egyptian Dictionary (162420); "qd (form)" at Ancient Egyptian Dictionary (162430)