pr-ꜥꜣ

Demotic

Etymology

From Egyptian (pr-ꜥꜣ, “pharaoh”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pəɾˈʕoʔ/, /pəɾˈʕaʔ/ (depending on dialect)

Noun

⁠⁠⁠ m

1. king, pharaoh

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲟ (ouro), ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ (pouro)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲁ (rra), ⲉⲣⲣⲁ (erra), ⲓⲣⲣⲁ (irra), ⲉⲣⲁ (era)
• Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro)
• Old Coptic: ⲉⲣⲟ (ero)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro), ⲉⲣⲟ (ero), ⲟⲩⲣⲟ (ouro)

Egyptian

Etymology

From pr (“house”) +‎ ꜥꜣ (“great, big”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /paɾuwˈʕaʀ/ → /paɾuwˈʕaʀ/ → /paɾəˈʕaʔ/ → /pəɾˈʕaʔ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /paɾuwˈʕaʀ/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /paɾuwˈʕaʀ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /paɾəˈʕaʔ/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /pəɾˈʕaʔ/, later dialectally IPA^(key): /pəɾˈʕoʔ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /pɛr ɑːʔɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: per-aa

Noun

 m

1. palace
2. (metonymically) pharaoh [c. 1450 BCE]

   Synonyms: ḥm, nswt, nswt-bjtj

Inflection

singular	pr-ꜥꜣ
dual	prwj-ꜥꜣwj
plural	prw-ꜥꜣw

Declension of pr-ꜥꜣ (masculine)

Descendants

• Demotic: ⁠⁠⁠ (pr-ꜥꜣ)
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲟ (ouro), ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ (pouro)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲁ (rra), ⲉⲣⲣⲁ (erra), ⲓⲣⲣⲁ (irra), ⲉⲣⲁ (era)
  • Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro)
  • Old Coptic: ⲉⲣⲟ (ero)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro), ⲉⲣⲟ (ero), ⲟⲩⲣⲟ (ouro)
• → Neo-Assyrian: 𒉿𒅕𒀪𒌑 (pi-ir-ʾu-u₂ /⁠pirʾū⁠/)^[1]
• → Hebrew: פַּרְעֹה (parʿṓ)
  • → Ancient Greek: Φαραώ (Pharaṓ), Φαραών (Pharaṓn), Φαραώθης (Pharaṓthēs), φαραώ (pharaṓ) — alternative capitalization
    • Greek: φαραώ (faraó)
    • → Chinese:

      Mandarin: 法老 (fǎlǎo)

    • → Coptic: ⲫⲁⲣⲁⲱ (pharaō)
    • → Ge'ez: ፈርዖን (färʿon)
    • → Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐍉 (faraō), 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐍉𐌽𐌹 (faraōni, dative)
    • → Latin: Pharaō (see there for further descendants)
    • → Old Armenian: Փարաւոն (Pʻarawon)
      • Armenian: փարավոն (pʻaravon)
    • → Old Church Slavonic: фараѡ́нъ (faraónŭ), фараонъ (faraonŭ), фараосъ (faraosŭ)
      • Bulgarian: фарао́н (faraón)
      • Church Slavonic: фарао (farao)
      • → Serbo-Croatian:

        Cyrillic script: фара̀о̄н m

        Latin script: faràōn m

    • → Old East Slavic: фараонъ (faraonŭ), фарао (farao), ѳараонъ (θaraonŭ)
      • Belarusian: фарао́н (faraón)
      • Russian: фарао́н (faraón)
      • Ukrainian: фарао́н (faraón)
  • → Classical Syriac: ܦܶܪܥܽܘܢ, ܦܸܪܥܘܿܢ (perʿūn)
    • → Arabic: فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn)
      • Maltese: fergħun
      • → Bashkir: фирғәүен (firğəwen)
      • → Bengali: ফেরাউন (pheraun)
      • → Hindustani:

        Hindi: फ़िरौन (firaun)

        Urdu: فرعون (firaun)

      • → Malay: firaun
      • → Ottoman Turkish: فرعون
        • → Turkish: firavun
      • → Persian: فرعون (fer'own)
      • → Swahili: firauni
      • → Tajik: фиръавн (firʾavn)
      • → Uzbek: firʼavn

References

1. “Pirʾu”, in The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period‎, (Can we date this quote?)