pincer
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Middle English pynsor, from Old French pinceure, pinchure, from pincier (“to pinch”).
Audio (Southern England): | (file) |
pincer (plural pincers)
pincer (third-person singular simple present pincers, present participle pincering, simple past and past participle pincered)
Inherited from Old French pincier, pincer (“to pinch”).
pincer
This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.
infinitive | simple | pincer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | pinçant /pɛ̃.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | pincé /pɛ̃.se/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | pince /pɛ̃s/ |
pinces /pɛ̃s/ |
pince /pɛ̃s/ |
pinçons /pɛ̃.sɔ̃/ |
pincez /pɛ̃.se/ |
pincent /pɛ̃s/ |
imperfect | pinçais /pɛ̃.sɛ/ |
pinçais /pɛ̃.sɛ/ |
pinçait /pɛ̃.sɛ/ |
pincions /pɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
pinciez /pɛ̃.sje/ |
pinçaient /pɛ̃.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | pinçai /pɛ̃.se/ |
pinças /pɛ̃.sa/ |
pinça /pɛ̃.sa/ |
pinçâmes /pɛ̃.sam/ |
pinçâtes /pɛ̃.sat/ |
pincèrent /pɛ̃.sɛʁ/ | |
future | pincerai /pɛ̃.sʁe/ |
pinceras /pɛ̃.sʁa/ |
pincera /pɛ̃.sʁa/ |
pincerons /pɛ̃.sʁɔ̃/ |
pincerez /pɛ̃.sʁe/ |
pinceront /pɛ̃.sʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | pincerais /pɛ̃.sʁɛ/ |
pincerais /pɛ̃.sʁɛ/ |
pincerait /pɛ̃.sʁɛ/ |
pincerions /pɛ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
pinceriez /pɛ̃.sə.ʁje/ |
pinceraient /pɛ̃.sʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | pince /pɛ̃s/ |
pinces /pɛ̃s/ |
pince /pɛ̃s/ |
pincions /pɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
pinciez /pɛ̃.sje/ |
pincent /pɛ̃s/ |
imperfect2 | pinçasse /pɛ̃.sas/ |
pinçasses /pɛ̃.sas/ |
pinçât /pɛ̃.sa/ |
pinçassions /pɛ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/ |
pinçassiez /pɛ̃.sa.sje/ |
pinçassent /pɛ̃.sas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | pince /pɛ̃s/ |
— | pinçons /pɛ̃.sɔ̃/ |
pincez /pɛ̃.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
From Vulgar Latin *pinciāre (“to puncture, pinch”).
pincer
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-c, *-cs, *-ct are modified to z, z, zt. In addition, c becomes ç before an a, o or u to keep the /ts/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | pincer | avoir pincé | |||||
gerund | en pinçant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | pinçant | ||||||
past participle | pincé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | pinz | pinces | pince | pinçons | pincez | pincent |
imperfect | pinçoie, pinceie, pinçoe, pinceve | pinçoies, pinceies, pinçoes, pinceves | pinçoit, pinceit, pinçot, pinceve | pinciiens, pinciens | pinciiez, pinciez | pinçoient, pinceient, pinçoent, pincevent | |
preterite | pinçai | pinças | pinça | pinçames | pinçastes | pincerent | |
future | pincerai | pinceras | pincera | pincerons | pinceroiz, pincereiz, pincerez | pinceront | |
conditional | pinceroie, pincereie | pinceroies, pincereies | pinceroit, pincereit | pinceriiens, pinceriens | pinceriiez, pinceriez | pinceroient, pincereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | pinz | pinz | pinzt | pinçons | pincez | pincent |
imperfect | pinçasse | pinçasses | pinçast | pincissons, pincissiens | pincissoiz, pincissez, pincissiez | pinçassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | pince | — | pinçons | pincez | — |