neuron

See also: Neuron

English

Neurons

Alternative forms

• neurone

Etymology

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “nerve”). Doublet of nerve and sinew.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/, /ˈn(j)uɹɑn/, /ˈn(j)ɝɑn/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈnjʊəɹɒn/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈnjəɹɑn/
• Rhymes: -ʊəɹɒn, -uːɹɒn, -ɜːɹɒn

Noun

neuron (plural neurons or neura)

1. (cytology) A cell of the nervous system, which conducts nerve impulses; consisting of an axon and several dendrites. Neurons are connected by synapses.

   Synonyms: neurocyte, nerve cell

   • 2013 August 3, “The machine of a new soul”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     The yawning gap in neuroscientists’ understanding of their topic is in the intermediate scale of the brain’s anatomy. Science has a passable knowledge of how individual nerve cells, known as neurons, work. It also knows which visible lobes and ganglia of the brain do what. But how the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure.

2. (zoology) A nervure of an insect's wing.
3. (artificial intelligence) an artificial neuron (mathematical function serving as an essential unit of an artificial neural network)

Derived terms

• antimirror neuron
• input neuron
• interneuron
• Jennifer Aniston neuron
• medium spiny neuron
• mirror neuron
• motor neuron
• motor neuron disease
• neuronal
• neuronally
• neuronic
• Purkinje neuron
• pyramidal neuron
• rosehip neuron
• sensory neuron
• spindle neuron
• von Economo neuron

 

Related terms

• neural
• neuralgia
• neuritis
• neurology
• neuroscience
• neurosis

 

Translations

a cell of the nervous system

Arabic: عَصْبُون m (ʕaṣbūn), خَلِيَّة عَصَبِيَّة f (ḵaliyya ʕaṣabiyya) Armenian: նեյրոն (hy) (neyron) Azerbaijani: sinir hüceyrəsi Catalan: neurona (ca) f Chinese: Cantonese: 神經細胞／神经细胞 (san4 ging1 sai3 baau1) Hokkien: 神經細胞／神经细胞 (sîn-keng sè-pau, sîn-keng sòe-pau) Mandarin: 神經細胞／神经细胞 (zh) (shénjīng xìbāo), 神經元／神经元 (zh) (shénjīngyuán) Czech: neuron (cs) m Danish: nervecelle c, neuron c Dutch: neuron (nl), zenuwcel (nl) Esperanto: neŭrono (eo) Finnish: neuroni (fi), hermosolu (fi) French: neurone (fr) m, cellule nerveuse f Georgian: ნეირონი (neironi) German: Neuron (de) n, Nervenzelle (de) f Greek: νευρώνας (el) m (nevrónas) Hungarian: idegsejt (hu), neuron (hu) Icelandic: taugafrumu Ido: neurono (io) Indonesian: neuron (id) Italian: neurocito m Japanese: 神経細胞 (ja) (しんけいさいぼう, shinkei saibō) Kazakh: нейрон (neiron), жүйке жасушасы (jüike jasuşasy) Khmer: ណឺរ៉ូន (nəɨroun) Korean: 신경 세포(神經細胞) (sin'gyeong sepo) Latin: neuron n, neuronum n, neurocytus m Malayalam: നാഡീകോശം (nāḍīkōśaṁ) Manx: neayr-chillag f Maori: pūtau io Norwegian: Bokmål: nevron n Nynorsk: nevron n Polish: neuron (pl) m, komórka nerwowa f Portuguese: Brazilian: neurônio (pt) m European: neurónio (pt) m Romanian: neuron (ro) m Russian: нейро́н (ru) m (nejrón), не́рвная кле́тка f (nérvnaja klétka) Spanish: neurona (es) f Swahili: nyuroni Swedish: neuron (sv) c, nervcell (sv) c Thai: please add this translation if you can Turkish: nöron (tr), sinir hücresi (tr) Vietnamese: tế bào thần kinh (細胞神經)

See also

• neura
• neurode
• neuron on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Further reading

• “neuron”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “neuron”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• “neuron”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Czech

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “nerve”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnɛu̯ron]

Noun

neuron m inan

1. (cytology) neuron

   Synonym: nervová buňka

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	neuron	neurony
genitive	neuronu	neuronů
dative	neuronu	neuronům
accusative	neuron	neurony
vocative	neurone	neurony
locative	neuronu	neuronech
instrumental	neuronem	neurony

Declension of neuron (hard masculine inanimate)

Further reading

• “neuron”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “neuron”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Noun

neuron c (singular definite neuronen, plural indefinite neuroner)

1. (cytology) neuron

Declension

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	neuron	neuronen	neuroner	neuronerne
genitive	neurons	neuronens	neuroners	neuronernes

Declension of neuron

Synonyms

• nervecelle

References

• “neuron” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

neuron n (plural neuronen or neurons)

1. neuron

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

neuron

Wikipedia ^pl

neuron

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron). Doublet of nerw.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɛwrɔn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛwrɔn
• Syllabification: neu‧ron

Noun

neuron m inan (related adjective neuronowy or neuronalny)

1. (cytology, neuroanatomy) neuron (cell of the nervous system, which conducts nerve impulses; consisting of an axon and several dendrites)

   Synonym: komórka nerwowa

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	neuron	neurony
genitive	neuronu	neuronów
dative	neuronowi	neuronom
accusative	neuron	neurony
instrumental	neuronem	neuronami
locative	neuronie	neuronach
vocative	neuronie	neurony

Declension of neuron

Further reading

• neuron in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• neuron in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• neuron in PWN's encyclopedia

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French neurone.

Noun

neuron m (plural neuroni)

1. neuron

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) neuron	neuronul	(niște) neuroni	neuronii
genitive/dative	(unui) neuron	neuronului	(unor) neuroni	neuronilor
vocative	neuronule		neuronilor

Declension of neuron

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /neǔroːn/
• Hyphenation: ne‧u‧ron

Noun

neùrōn m (Cyrillic spelling неу̀ро̄н)

1. neuron

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	neùrōn	neuroni
genitive	neuróna	neurona
dative	neuronu	neuronima
accusative	neuron	neurone
vocative	neurone	neuroni
locative	neuronu	neuronima
instrumental	neuronom	neuronima

Declension of neuron

Swedish

Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:

neuron

Wikipedia ^sv

Noun

neuron c or n

1. (cytology) a neuron

   Synonym: nervcell

Usage notes

Common gender is much more common.

Declension

Declension of neuron
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	neuron	neuronen	neuroner	neuronerna
Genitive	neurons	neuronens	neuroners	neuronernas

Declension of neuron
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	neuron	neuronet	neuron	neuronen
Genitive	neurons	neuronets	neurons	neuronens

References

• neuron in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• neuron in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• neuron in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• Svensk MeSH