marketing

See also: Marketing and márketing

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:

marketing

Wikipedia

Etymology

By surface analysis, market +‎ -ing.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈmɑːkɪtɪŋ/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈmɑɹkɪtɪŋ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Verb

marketing

1. present participle and gerund of market

Noun

marketing (countable and uncountable, plural marketings)

1. Buying and/or selling in a market (street market or market fair).
   • 1961, Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin, page 16:

     The final result of the extreme seasonality of marketings of cattle and calves in Arkansas would have been an inshipment of either slaughter cattle or block beef and beef products during three quarters of the year.

   1. (archaic or Philippines) Shopping, going to market as a buyer.
      • 1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities:

        Although Miss Pross, through her long association with a French family, might have known as much of their language as of her own, if she had had a mind, she had no mind in that direction […] So her manner of marketing was to plump a noun-substantive at the head of a shopkeeper without any introduction in the nature of an article […]

      • 1926, George Herriman, comic strip Us Husbands, June 12th, 1926 (reprinted in the back of Krazy & Ignatz, vol. 1922–1924, Fantagraphics, 2012, →ISBN, p. 223):

        [Wife to husband:] I'm going out to do my marketing – keep out of the kitchen, while I'm gone.

      • 2022 May 14, Fr. Roger Solis, SVD, The Word in Other Words‎, University of San Carlos:

        We did everything from laundry to house cleaning, washing dishes to cooking, and even marketing. Since I was gifted with the skills to cook, I volunteered to help out in the kitchen and do the marketing.

   2. (dated) Attending market as a seller.

      Marketing was a time-consuming task for truck farming families, as the round trip could take most of the day.

2. (uncountable) The promotion, distribution and selling of a product or service; the work of a marketer; includes market research and advertising.

   a bachelor's degree in marketing

   • 2013 May 25, “No hiding place”, in The Economist‎, volume 407, number 8837, page 74:

     In America alone, people spent $170 billion on “direct marketing”—junk mail of both the physical and electronic varieties—last year. Yet of those who received unsolicited adverts through the post, only 3% bought anything as a result.

Usage notes

The newer sense of the gerund (promotion and distribution strategy, often across multiple markets) has largely displaced the older sense (attending street market as either buyer or seller), but readers who encounter the gerund in older texts should appreciate that the older sense was meant. In areas where it is common for a domestic helper to go grocery-shopping on behalf of their employer (e.g. Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines) both senses of the word may be used, depending on context.

Hyponyms

(promotion of sales) advertising, branding, pricing, sales, promotion

Derived terms

• affiliate marketing
• ambush marketing
• antimarketing
• benchmarketing
• cybermarketing
• demarketing
• direct marketing
• drip marketing
• e-marketing
• event marketing
• geomarketing
• guerrilla marketing
• influencer marketing
• macromarketing
• marketese
• marketing collateral
• marketingese
• marketing research
• martech
• membership marketing
• metamarketing
• micromarketing
• multi-level marketing
• murketing
• network marketing
• neuromarketing
• niche marketing
• nonmarketing
• organic search marketing
• political marketing
• postmarketing
• premarketing
• referral marketing
• smarketing
• target marketing
• time marketing
• viral marketing

Descendants

• → Catalan: màrqueting
• → French: marketing
• → German: Marketing
• → Greek: μάρκετινγκ (márketingk)
• → Hungarian: marketing
• → Italian: marketing
• → Polish: marketing
• → Portuguese: marketing
• → Romanian: marketing
• → Russian: маркетинг (marketing)
  • → Kazakh: маркетинг (marketiñ)
  • → Mongolian: маркетинг (marketing)
• → Serbo-Croatian: marketing
• → Spanish: marketing
• → Turkish: marketing
• → Ukrainian: маркетинг (marketynh)

Translations

buying and selling in a market

Bulgarian: търговия (bg) (tǎrgovija) Finnish: kaupankäynti (fi) German: Handel (de) m Greek: εμπορία (el) f (emporía) Persian: خرید و فروش (xarid-o-foruš) Russian: торго́вля (ru) f (torgóvlja)

the promotion, distribution and selling of a product or service

Albanian: marketing m Arabic: تَسْوِيق m (taswīq) Armenian: մարքեթինգ (hy) (markʻetʻing) Azerbaijani: marketinq Belarusian: ма́ркетынг m (márkjetynh), марке́тынг m (markjétynh) Bengali: বিপণন (bn) (biponon) Bulgarian: маркетинг m (marketing) Catalan: màrqueting (ca) m Chinese: Mandarin: 市場營銷 / 市场营销 (zh) (shìchǎng yíngxiāo), 營銷 / 营销 (zh) (yíngxiāo) Czech: marketing (cs) m Danish: markedsføring c Esperanto: marketiko Estonian: turundus Finnish: markkinointi (fi) French: mercatique (fr) f, marketing (fr) m Galician: mercadotecnia f Georgian: მარკეტინგი (marḳeṭingi) German: Marketing (de) n, Vertrieb (de) m Greek: αγοραία προώθηση f (agoraía proóthisi), μάρκετινγκ (el) n (márketingk), αγοραλογία (el) f (agoralogía), προώθηση (el) f (proóthisi) (of a specific product) Hebrew: שיווק (shivuk) Hindi: विपणन m (vipṇan) Hungarian: marketing (hu) Italian: marketing (it) m, mercatistica (it) f, mercatologia (it) f, vendistica (it) f Japanese: マーケティング (ja) (māketingu) Kazakh: маркетинг (marketiñ) Korean: 마케팅 (ko) (maketing) Kyrgyz: маркетинг (marketing) Lao: ການຕະຫຼາດ (kān ta lāt) Latvian: tirgvedība f, tirgzinība f, mārketings m Lithuanian: rinkodara f Macedonian: маркетинг m (marketing) Moroccan Amazigh: ⴰⵙⴳⴷⵣ m (asgdz) Norman: markét'tie f Norwegian: Bokmål: markedsføring m or f Nynorsk: marknadsføring f Persian: بازاریابی (bâzâr-yâbi), مارکتینگ (mârketing) Polish: marketing (pl) m Portuguese: marketing (pt) m, mercadologia f Russian: ма́ркетинг (ru) m (márketing), марке́тинг (ru) m (markéting) Scottish Gaelic: margadh Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: ма̀ркетинг m Roman: màrketing (sh) m Slovak: marketing m Slovene: trženje n, marketing m Spanish: mercadotecnia (es) f, marketing m, márketin m, mercadeo (es) m, marketeo m (Andes), marketineo m (Bolivia) Swedish: marknadsföring (sv) c Tajik: маркетинг (marketing) Thai: การตลาด (gaan-dtà-làat) Turkish: pazarlama (tr), marketing (tr) Turkmen: marketing Ukrainian: ма́ркетинг (uk) m (márketynh) Uzbek: marketing (uz) Welsh: marchnata (cy)

(archaic) earlier (until the 1920s), shopping, going to market

Bulgarian: пазаруване n (pazaruvane) German: Marktbesuch m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Lithuanian: (please verify) rinkodara

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English marketing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maʁ.ke.tiŋ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

marketing m (plural marketings)

1. marketing

   Synonym: mercatique m

   Antonym: démarketing

See also

• commercialisation

Further reading

• “marketing”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from English marketing.^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmɒrkɛtiŋɡ]
• Hyphenation: mar‧ke‧ting
• Rhymes: -iŋɡ

Noun

marketing (plural marketingek)

1. marketing

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	marketing	marketingek
accusative	marketinget	marketingeket
dative	marketingnek	marketingeknek
instrumental	marketinggel	marketingekkel
causal-final	marketingért	marketingekért
translative	marketinggé	marketingekké
terminative	marketingig	marketingekig
essive-formal	marketingként	marketingekként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	marketingben	marketingekben
superessive	marketingen	marketingeken
adessive	marketingnél	marketingeknél
illative	marketingbe	marketingekbe
sublative	marketingre	marketingekre
allative	marketinghez	marketingekhez
elative	marketingből	marketingekből
delative	marketingről	marketingekről
ablative	marketingtől	marketingektől
non-attributive possessive – singular	marketingé	marketingeké
non-attributive possessive – plural	marketingéi	marketingekéi

Possessive forms of marketing

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	marketingem	marketingjeim
2nd person sing.	marketinged	marketingjeid
3rd person sing.	marketingje	marketingjei
1st person plural	marketingünk	marketingjeink
2nd person plural	marketingetek	marketingjeitek
3rd person plural	marketingjük	marketingjeik

Derived terms

• marketinges

(Compound words):

• marketingosztály

References

1. Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

Italian

Italian Wikipedia has an article on:

marketing

Wikipedia ^it

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English marketing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmar.ke.tinɡ/, /ˈmar.ke.tin/^[1]
• Rhymes: -arketinɡ, -arketin
• Hyphenation: màr‧ke‧ting

Noun

marketing m (uncountable)

1. marketing (the promotion, distribution and selling of a product or service)

References

1. marketing in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Further reading

• marketing in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

marketing

Wikipedia ^pl

Etymology

Borrowed from English marketing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /marˈkɛ.tiŋk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛtiŋk
• Syllabification: mar‧ke‧ting

Noun

marketing m inan

1. marketing (promotion, distribution and selling of a product or service)

Declension

	singular
nominative	marketing
genitive	marketingu
dative	marketingowi
accusative	marketing
instrumental	marketingiem
locative	marketingu
vocative	marketingu

Declension of marketing

Derived terms

(adjective):

• marketingowy

(noun):

• marketingowiec

Further reading

• marketing in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• marketing in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English marketing.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʁ.ke.t͡ʃĩ/ [ˈmah.ke.t͡ʃĩ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʁ.ke.t͡ʃĩ/ [ˈmah.ke.t͡ʃĩ]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈmaɾ.ke.t͡ʃĩ/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈmaʁ.ke.t͡ʃĩ/ [ˈmaχ.ke.t͡ʃĩ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈmaɻ.ke.t͡ʃĩ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈmaɾ.kɨ.tĩɡ/

Noun

marketing m (usually uncountable, plural marketings)

1. marketing (communication and interaction with costumers)

   Synonym: (less common) mercadologia

   O setor de marketing está avaliando o público-alvo.

   The marketing department is analysing the target audience.

2. (informal) promotion (the act of promoting a product or service)

   Synonym: promoção

   Fiz um marketing da nossa banda.

   I put out some promotion for our band.

Derived terms

• marketing direto
• marqueteiro

Related terms

• mercado
• telemarketing

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from English marketing.

Noun

marketing n (uncountable)

1. marketing

Declension

Declension of marketing

singular only	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	marketing	marketingul
genitive-dative	marketing	marketingului
vocative	marketingule

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from English marketing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mǎrketinɡ/
• Hyphenation: mar‧ke‧ting

Noun

màrketing m (Cyrillic spelling ма̀ркетинг)

1. marketing

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	marketing	marketinzi
genitive	marketinga	marketinga
dative	marketingu	marketinzima
accusative	marketing	marketinge
vocative	marketinže / marketingu	marketinzi
locative	marketingu	marketinzima
instrumental	marketingom	marketinzima

Declension of marketing

References

• “marketing”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Spanish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English marketing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmaɾketin/ [ˈmaɾ.ke.t̪ĩn]
• Rhymes: -aɾketin

Noun

marketing m (plural marketings)

1. marketing

   Synonym: mercadotecnia

Usage notes

According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

Alternative forms

• márketing (nonstandard)
• márquetin
• márketin

Further reading

• “marketing”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
• “marketing”, in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas [Panhispanic Dictionary of Doubts] (in Spanish), 2nd edition, Royal Spanish Academy; Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, 2023, →ISBN
• márquetin/mercadotecnia | FundéuRAE
• «marketing», alternativas en español | FundéuRAE

Turkish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English marketing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maɾ.ce.tiɲɟ/
• Hyphenation: mar‧ke‧ting

Noun

marketing (definite accusative marketingi, plural marketingler)

1. marketing

   Synonym: pazarlama

Declension

Declension of marketing

	singular	plural
nominative	marketing	marketingler
definite accusative	marketingi	marketingleri
dative	marketinge	marketinglere
locative	marketingde	marketinglerde
ablative	marketingden	marketinglerden
genitive	marketingin	marketinglerin

Derived terms

• dijital marketing

Further reading

• “marketing”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “marketing”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3000