lire
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Etymology 1
From Middle English lire, lyre, from Old English līra (“any fleshy part of the body, muscle, calf of the leg”), from Proto-Germanic *ligwizô, *lihwizô (“thigh, groin”), from Proto-Indo-European *lekʷs-, *lewks- (“groin”). Cognate with Dutch lies (“groin”), Swedish lår (“thigh”).
Noun
lire (plural lires)
Etymology 2
From Middle English lire, lyre, from Old Norse hlýr (“cheeks”, plural). Compare Middle English lere, from Old English hlēor (“cheek, countenance, complexion”). More at leer.
Noun
lire (plural lires)
Etymology 3
From Old Norse líri. Cognate with Norwegian lira.
Noun
lire (plural lires)
- (UK dialectal, Scotland, Orkney, Shetland, ornithology) The Manx shearwater (bird).
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
Noun
lire
Anagrams
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Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old French lire, from Latin legere, from Proto-Italic *legō, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-.
Verb
lire
- (transitive, intransitive) to read
- (reflexive, se lire) to be read
Conjugation
| infinitive | simple | lire | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | lisant /li.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | lu /ly/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | lis /li/ |
lis /li/ |
lit /li/ |
lisons /li.zɔ̃/ |
lisez /li.ze/ |
lisent /liz/ |
| imperfect | lisais /li.zɛ/ |
lisais /li.zɛ/ |
lisait /li.zɛ/ |
lisions /li.zjɔ̃/ |
lisiez /li.zje/ |
lisaient /li.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | lus /ly/ |
lus /ly/ |
lut /ly/ |
lûmes /lym/ |
lûtes /lyt/ |
lurent /lyʁ/ | |
| future | lirai /li.ʁe/ |
liras /li.ʁa/ |
lira /li.ʁa/ |
lirons /li.ʁɔ̃/ |
lirez /li.ʁe/ |
liront /li.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | lirais /li.ʁɛ/ |
lirais /li.ʁɛ/ |
lirait /li.ʁɛ/ |
lirions /li.ʁjɔ̃/ |
liriez /li.ʁje/ |
liraient /li.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | lise /liz/ |
lises /liz/ |
lise /liz/ |
lisions /li.zjɔ̃/ |
lisiez /li.zje/ |
lisent /liz/ |
| imperfect2 | lusse /lys/ |
lusses /lys/ |
lût /ly/ |
lussions /ly.sjɔ̃/ |
lussiez /ly.sje/ |
lussent /lys/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | lis /li/ |
— | lisons /li.zɔ̃/ |
lisez /li.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Conjugation of lire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- Haitian Creole: li
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Italian lira, compare French livre.
Noun
lire f (plural lires)
- lira (unit of currency)
Further reading
- “lire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
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Noun
lire f
Etymology 1
From Middle Low German.
Noun
lire f (definite singular lira, indefinite plural lirer, definite plural lirene)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Etymology 2
From Old Norse líri m, likely onomatopoetic.
Noun
lire f (definite singular lira, indefinite plural lirer, definite plural lirene)
Derived terms
- havlire
Etymology 3
Italian plural of lira, from Latin libra (“pound, weight”). Doublet of lira.
Noun
lire m (definite singular liren, indefinite plural lirar or lire, definite plural lirane)
- (numismatics) lira (currency of Italy)
References
- “lire” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
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Etymology
Pronunciation
Verb
lire
- (transitive, intransitive) to read
- (reflexive, se lire) to be read
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | lire | avoir leü, lit | |||||
| gerund | en lisant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | lisant | ||||||
| past participle | leü, lit | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | li | lis | list | lisons | lisiez | lisent |
| imperfect | lisoie, liseie | lisoies, liseies | lisoit, liseit | lisiiens, lisiens | lisiiez, lisiez | lisoient, liseient | |
| preterite | lui, lis | leüs, lesis | lut, list | leümes, lesimes | leüstes, lesistes | lurent, listrent | |
| future | lirai | liras | lira | lirons | liroiz, lireiz, lirez | liront | |
| conditional | liroie, lireie | liroies, lireies | liroit, lireit | liriiens, liriens | liriiez, liriez | liroient, lireient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | lise | lises | lise | lisiens, lisons | lisiez | lisent |
| imperfect | leüsse, lesisse | leüsses, lesisses | leüst, lesist | leüssons, leüssiens, lesissons, lesissiens | leüssoiz, leüssez, leüssiez, lesissoiz, lesissez, lesissiez | leüssent, lesissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | lis | — | lisons | lisiez | — | ||
Related terms
Descendants
- French: lire
Further reading
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (lire)
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