kumartua

Finnish

Etymology

kumara +‎ -tua or kumartaa +‎ -ua

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkumɑrtuɑˣ/, [ˈkumɑ̝rˌt̪uɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -uɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ku‧mar‧tu‧a

Verb

kumartua

1. to bend over, stoop (to bend one's upper body or head forward and down)
2. to crouch (to bend servilely)

Conjugation

Inflection of kumartua (Kotus type 52*K/sanoa, rt-rr gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kumarrun	en kumarru	1st sing.	olen kumartunut	en ole kumartunut
2nd sing.		kumarrut	et kumarru	2nd sing.	olet kumartunut	et ole kumartunut
3rd sing.		kumartuu	ei kumarru	3rd sing.	on kumartunut	ei ole kumartunut
1st plur.		kumarrumme	emme kumarru	1st plur.	olemme kumartuneet	emme ole kumartuneet
2nd plur.		kumarrutte	ette kumarru	2nd plur.	olette kumartuneet	ette ole kumartuneet
3rd plur.		kumartuvat	eivät kumarru	3rd plur.	ovat kumartuneet	eivät ole kumartuneet
passive		kumarrutaan	ei kumarruta	passive	on kumarruttu	ei ole kumarruttu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kumarruin	en kumartunut	1st sing.	olin kumartunut	en ollut kumartunut
2nd sing.		kumarruit	et kumartunut	2nd sing.	olit kumartunut	et ollut kumartunut
3rd sing.		kumartui	ei kumartunut	3rd sing.	oli kumartunut	ei ollut kumartunut
1st plur.		kumarruimme	emme kumartuneet	1st plur.	olimme kumartuneet	emme olleet kumartuneet
2nd plur.		kumarruitte	ette kumartuneet	2nd plur.	olitte kumartuneet	ette olleet kumartuneet
3rd plur.		kumartuivat	eivät kumartuneet	3rd plur.	olivat kumartuneet	eivät olleet kumartuneet
passive		kumarruttiin	ei kumarruttu	passive	oli kumarruttu	ei ollut kumarruttu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kumartuisin	en kumartuisi	1st sing.	olisin kumartunut	en olisi kumartunut
2nd sing.		kumartuisit	et kumartuisi	2nd sing.	olisit kumartunut	et olisi kumartunut
3rd sing.		kumartuisi	ei kumartuisi	3rd sing.	olisi kumartunut	ei olisi kumartunut
1st plur.		kumartuisimme	emme kumartuisi	1st plur.	olisimme kumartuneet	emme olisi kumartuneet
2nd plur.		kumartuisitte	ette kumartuisi	2nd plur.	olisitte kumartuneet	ette olisi kumartuneet
3rd plur.		kumartuisivat	eivät kumartuisi	3rd plur.	olisivat kumartuneet	eivät olisi kumartuneet
passive		kumarruttaisiin	ei kumarruttaisi	passive	olisi kumarruttu	ei olisi kumarruttu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		kumarru	älä kumarru	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		kumartukoon	älköön kumartuko	3rd sing.	olkoon kumartunut	älköön olko kumartunut
1st plur.		kumartukaamme	älkäämme kumartuko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		kumartukaa	älkää kumartuko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		kumartukoot	älkööt kumartuko	3rd plur.	olkoot kumartuneet	älkööt olko kumartuneet
passive		kumarruttakoon	älköön kumarruttako	passive	olkoon kumarruttu	älköön olko kumarruttu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kumartunen	en kumartune	1st sing.	lienen kumartunut	en liene kumartunut
2nd sing.		kumartunet	et kumartune	2nd sing.	lienet kumartunut	et liene kumartunut
3rd sing.		kumartunee	ei kumartune	3rd sing.	lienee kumartunut	ei liene kumartunut
1st plur.		kumartunemme	emme kumartune	1st plur.	lienemme kumartuneet	emme liene kumartuneet
2nd plur.		kumartunette	ette kumartune	2nd plur.	lienette kumartuneet	ette liene kumartuneet
3rd plur.		kumartunevat	eivät kumartune	3rd plur.	lienevät kumartuneet	eivät liene kumartuneet
passive		kumarruttaneen	ei kumarruttane	passive	lienee kumarruttu	ei liene kumarruttu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		kumartua		present	kumartuva	kumarruttava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kumartuakseni kumartuaksemme 2nd kumartuaksesi kumartuaksenne 3rd kumartuakseen kumartuaksensa		past	kumartunut	kumarruttu
2nd	inessive2	kumartuessa	kumarruttaessa	agent3	kumartuma
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kumartuessani kumartuessamme 2nd kumartuessasi kumartuessanne 3rd kumartuessaan kumartuessansa		negative	kumartumaton
	instructive	kumartuen	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. 4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
3rd	inessive	kumartumassa	—
	elative	kumartumasta	—
	illative	kumartumaan	—
	adessive	kumartumalla	—
	abessive	kumartumatta	—
	instructive	kumartuman	kumarruttaman
4th4	verbal noun	kumartuminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kumartumaisillani kumartumaisillamme 2nd kumartumaisillasi kumartumaisillanne 3rd kumartumaisillaan kumartumaisillansa

Derived terms

• kumartuminen

 

Further reading

• “kumartua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02