kin-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kin"

Middle English

Prefix

kin-

1. Alternative form of kine-

Pipil

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): /ɣiŋ/

Prefix

kin-

1. (personal) them, third-person plural object marker.

   Nikintajtanilij su kinekituyat yawit

   I asked them if they wanted to go

Usage notes

• Often substituted by the third-person singular object marker k(i)- in daily speech. Before a vowel, "kin-" changes to "kinh-". The digraph <nh> is pronounced as [ŋ]. Example:

Tikinhishmati

You know them

See also

			singular	plural
1st person			nech-	tech-
2nd person			metz-	metzin-
3rd person			ki-	kin-

Pipil verb object markers

• yejemet (personal pronoun)

Ye'kwana

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kiŋ-]

Prefix

kin-

1. Allomorph of kün- (distant past third-person prefix) used for stems that begin with i or y.

Inflection

	pronoun	noun possessor/ series II verb argument		postposition object		series I verb argument
						transitive patient	intransitive patient-like		intransitive agent-like	transitive agent
first person	ewü	y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1						w-, wi-
first person dual inclusive	küwü	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-								k-, kii-, ki-1
second person	amödö	ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh-							m-, mi-
first person dual exclusive	nña	y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1			chö-	∅-	n-, ni-
third person	tüwü					n-, ni-
distant past third person		—				kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini-
coreferential/reflexive	—	t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te-				—
reciprocal	—	—	öö-
With following vowel lengthened if in an unreduced open syllable.

	series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient
first person > second person	mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni-
first person dual exclusive > second person
second person > first person	k-, kü-, ku-, ki-
second person > first person dual exclusive
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person	see person X in the chart above

Ye'kwana personal markers