kahista

See also: kähistä

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kahistak. kah- +‎ -ista, with an onomatopoeic root.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑhistɑˣ/, [ˈkɑ̝ɦis̠tɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -ɑhistɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ka‧his‧ta

Verb

kahista (intransitive)

1. to rustle (to move something, such as leaves, with a soft crackling sound)
2. to swish (to make a rustling sound while moving)
3. to scuffle (to fight or struggle confusedly at close quarters)

Conjugation

Inflection of kahista (Kotus type 66/rohkaista, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kahisen	en kahise	1st sing.	olen kahissut	en ole kahissut
2nd sing.		kahiset	et kahise	2nd sing.	olet kahissut	et ole kahissut
3rd sing.		kahisee	ei kahise	3rd sing.	on kahissut	ei ole kahissut
1st plur.		kahisemme	emme kahise	1st plur.	olemme kahisseet	emme ole kahisseet
2nd plur.		kahisette	ette kahise	2nd plur.	olette kahisseet	ette ole kahisseet
3rd plur.		kahisevat	eivät kahise	3rd plur.	ovat kahisseet	eivät ole kahisseet
passive		kahistaan	ei kahista	passive	on kahistu	ei ole kahistu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kahisin	en kahissut	1st sing.	olin kahissut	en ollut kahissut
2nd sing.		kahisit	et kahissut	2nd sing.	olit kahissut	et ollut kahissut
3rd sing.		kahisi	ei kahissut	3rd sing.	oli kahissut	ei ollut kahissut
1st plur.		kahisimme	emme kahisseet	1st plur.	olimme kahisseet	emme olleet kahisseet
2nd plur.		kahisitte	ette kahisseet	2nd plur.	olitte kahisseet	ette olleet kahisseet
3rd plur.		kahisivat	eivät kahisseet	3rd plur.	olivat kahisseet	eivät olleet kahisseet
passive		kahistiin	ei kahistu	passive	oli kahistu	ei ollut kahistu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kahisisin	en kahisisi	1st sing.	olisin kahissut	en olisi kahissut
2nd sing.		kahisisit	et kahisisi	2nd sing.	olisit kahissut	et olisi kahissut
3rd sing.		kahisisi	ei kahisisi	3rd sing.	olisi kahissut	ei olisi kahissut
1st plur.		kahisisimme	emme kahisisi	1st plur.	olisimme kahisseet	emme olisi kahisseet
2nd plur.		kahisisitte	ette kahisisi	2nd plur.	olisitte kahisseet	ette olisi kahisseet
3rd plur.		kahisisivat	eivät kahisisi	3rd plur.	olisivat kahisseet	eivät olisi kahisseet
passive		kahistaisiin	ei kahistaisi	passive	olisi kahistu	ei olisi kahistu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		kahise	älä kahise	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		kahiskoon	älköön kahisko	3rd sing.	olkoon kahissut	älköön olko kahissut
1st plur.		kahiskaamme	älkäämme kahisko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		kahiskaa	älkää kahisko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		kahiskoot	älkööt kahisko	3rd plur.	olkoot kahisseet	älkööt olko kahisseet
passive		kahistakoon	älköön kahistako	passive	olkoon kahistu	älköön olko kahistu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		kahissen	en kahisse	1st sing.	lienen kahissut	en liene kahissut
2nd sing.		kahisset	et kahisse	2nd sing.	lienet kahissut	et liene kahissut
3rd sing.		kahissee	ei kahisse	3rd sing.	lienee kahissut	ei liene kahissut
1st plur.		kahissemme	emme kahisse	1st plur.	lienemme kahisseet	emme liene kahisseet
2nd plur.		kahissette	ette kahisse	2nd plur.	lienette kahisseet	ette liene kahisseet
3rd plur.		kahissevat	eivät kahisse	3rd plur.	lienevät kahisseet	eivät liene kahisseet
passive		kahistaneen	ei kahistane	passive	lienee kahistu	ei liene kahistu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		kahista		present	kahiseva	kahistava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kahistakseni kahistaksemme 2nd kahistaksesi kahistaksenne 3rd kahistakseen kahistaksensa		past	kahissut	kahistu
2nd	inessive2	kahistessa	kahistaessa	agent4	kahisema
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kahistessani kahistessamme 2nd kahistessasi kahistessanne 3rd kahistessaan kahistessansa		negative	kahisematon
	instructive	kahisten	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details). 4) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd	inessive	kahisemassa	—
	elative	kahisemasta	—
	illative	kahisemaan	—
	adessive	kahisemalla	—
	abessive	kahisematta	—
	instructive	kahiseman	kahistaman
4th3	verbal noun	kahiseminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st kahisemaisillani kahisemaisillamme 2nd kahisemaisillasi kahisemaisillanne 3rd kahisemaisillaan kahisemaisillansa

Synonyms

• (to scuffle): kahakoida, kahinoida

Derived terms

• kahahtaa
• kahakka
• kahina
• kahistaa
• kahisuttaa
• kahu

 

Further reading

• “kahista”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02