hurten

German

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

hurten

1. inflection of huren:
   1. first/third-person plural preterite
   2. first/third-person plural subjunctive II

Middle English

Alternative forms

• herte, hirte, hirten, hurt, hurte
• hirrtenn (Ormulum)

Etymology

Usually taken to be an early borrowing from Old Northern French hurter, of disputed origin, but possibly instead from an Old English *hyrtan. In any case, equivalent to hurt +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhurtən/, /ˈhirtən/

Verb

hurten (third-person singular simple present hurteth, present participle hurtynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative hurte, past participle hurt)

1. To hurt (cause an injury or disease)
2. To injure; to cause harm or trouble for:
   1. To wound emotionally; to distress.
   2. To spiritually damage or hurt.
   3. To ruin or worsen; to make damaged or worse.
3. To trip or fall over; to make a misstep.
4. To strike, hurl or bump against; to launch into.
5. To strike or knock down; to cause to fall.

Conjugation

Conjugation of hurten (weak in -te/-ed)

infinitive	(to) hurten, hurte
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	hurte	hurte, hurted
2nd-person singular	hurtest	hurtest, hurtedest
3rd-person singular	hurteth	hurte, hurted
subjunctive singular	hurte
imperative singular		—
plural1	hurten, hurte	hurten, hurte, hurteden, hurtede
imperative plural	hurteth, hurte	—
participles	hurtynge, hurtende	hurt, hurted, yhurt

¹ Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Related terms

• hurt
• hurtelen
• hurtour

Descendants

• English: hurt
• Scots: hurt

References

• “hurten, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Spanish

Verb

hurten

1. inflection of hurtar:
   1. third-person plural present subjunctive
   2. third-person plural imperative

Welsh

Etymology

hurt (“obtuse, silly”) +‎ -en

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈhɨ̞rtɛn/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈhɪrtɛn/
• Rhymes: -ɨ̞rtɛn

Noun

hurten m (plural hurtynnod or hurtynion, masculine hurtyn, not mutable)

1. (female) scatterbrain, blockhead

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “hurten”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies