gs

See also: Gs, GS, g's, G/S, G&S, .gs, g.s., G.S., G's, and ␝

English

Noun

gs

1. plural of g

Usage notes

• Opinions vary regarding the use of apostrophes when forming the plurals of letters of the alphabet. New Fowler's Modern English Usage, after noting that the usage has changed, states on page 602 that "after letters an apostrophe is obligatory." The 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style states in paragraph 7.16, "To avoid confusion, lowercase letters ... form the plural with an apostrophe and an s". The Oxford Style Manual on page 116 advocates the use of common sense.

Anagrams

• SG, Sg., sg, sg.

Egyptian

Egyptian numbers ^(edit)

	𓏻 2	3  →
Cardinal: snwj     Ordinal: snnw     Adverbial: zpwj snwj     Distributive: snwj snwj     Fractional: gs, rmn

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /kʼas/ → /kʼas/ → /kʼas/ → /kʼas/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /kʼas/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /kʼas/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /kʼas/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /kʼas/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɡɛs/
  • Conventional anglicization: ges

Noun

 m

1. half [since the early Old Kingdom]
2. side [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

singular	gs
dual	gswj
plural	gsw

Declension of gs (masculine)

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of gs  

gs

Derived terms

• jrj ꜣ r gs
• r gs
• gs-tp

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲟⲥ (čos)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ϭⲁⲥ (cas)
• Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲟⲥ (cos)

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to oil, to anoint

Inflection

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
gs	gsw, gs	gst	gs, j.gs	gs, j.gs

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
gs	ḥr gs	m gs	r gs

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	gs.n	gsw, gs	consecutive	gs.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	gst
perfective3	gs	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	gs.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	gs, j.gs1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	gs	gss	potentialis1	gs.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	gs, j.gs1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	gs.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	gs	active + .tj1, .tw2	gs	gss, gssj6, gs2, gsw2 5, gsy2 5
imperfective	j.gs1, gs, gsy, gsw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.gs1, j.gsw1 5, gs, gsj6, gsy6	gs, gsw5
prospective	gs, gstj7	—	gstj4, gst4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Conjugation of gs (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: gs, geminated stem: gss

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 105, 115, 273.
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN