graven
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Graven
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -eɪvən
Etymology 1
From Middle English graven, igraven, from Old English grafen, ġegrafen, from Proto-Germanic *grabanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *grabaną (“to dig, trench”).
Verb
graven
- past participle of grave
- 1872, James De Mille, The Cryptogram, HTML edition, The Gutenberg Project, published 2009:
- Deep lines were graven on her pale forehead, and on her wan, thin cheeks.
Adjective
graven (not comparable)
- carved, engraved
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 20:4:
- Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image.
Derived terms
Translations
Translations
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Etymology 2
From graven (adjective) above.
Verb
graven (third-person singular simple present gravens, present participle gravening, simple past and past participle gravened)
- (transitive, archaic) To make graven or engraved
- 1786, Thomas Doolittle, A treatise concerning the Lord's Supper:
- I saw I was not only gravened upon the palms of his hands, or set as a seal upon his arm, but I was pourtrayed upon his heart.
Etymology 3
From grave (adjective) + -en.
Verb
graven (third-person singular simple present gravens, present participle gravening, simple past and past participle gravened)
- (transitive, intransitive) To make or become grave (serious or sombre)
- 2012, Samuel W Herbert, Avenue:
- Whatever it was that had cast a dark shadow and gravened the faces of those normally ebullient people was much too complicated for me to understand.
Verb
graven
Noun
graven c
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch grāven, from Old Dutch gravan, from Proto-West Germanic *graban, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną.
Verb
graven
- (transitive or intransitive) to dig physically
- to search for information
Conjugation
| Conjugation of graven (strong class 6) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | graven | |||
| past singular | groef | |||
| past participle | gegraven | |||
| infinitive | graven | |||
| gerund | graven n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | graaf | groef | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | graaft, graaf2 | groef | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | graaft | groef | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | graaft | groeft | ||
| 3rd person singular | graaft | groef | ||
| plural | graven | groeven | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | grave | groeve | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | graven | groeven | ||
| imperative sing. | graaf | |||
| imperative plur.1 | graaft | |||
| participles | gravend | gegraven | ||
| 1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. | ||||
Synonyms
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- Afrikaans: graaf
- Jersey Dutch: xrâve
- Negerhollands: graav, graev
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
graven
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
graven
Anagrams
Etymology
Verb
grāven
Inflection
| Strong class 6 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | grāven | |
| 3rd sg. past | groef | |
| 3rd pl. past | groeven | |
| Past participle | gegrāven | |
| Infinitive | grāven | |
| In genitive | grāvens | |
| In dative | grāvene | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | grāve | groef |
| 2nd singular | grāefs, grāves | groefs, groeves |
| 3rd singular | grāeft, grāvet | groef |
| 1st plural | grāven | groeven |
| 2nd plural | grāeft, grāvet | groeft, groevet |
| 3rd plural | grāven | groeven |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | grāve | groeve |
| 2nd singular | grāefs, grāves | groeves |
| 3rd singular | grāve | groeve |
| 1st plural | grāven | groeven |
| 2nd plural | grāeft, grāvet | groevet |
| 3rd plural | grāven | groeven |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | graf, grāef, grāve | |
| Plural | grāeft, grāvet | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | grāvende | gegrāven |
Descendants
Further reading
- “graven”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “graven (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old English grafan, from Proto-West Germanic *graban, from Proto-Germanic *grabaną.
Pronunciation
Verb
graven
- To dig or excavate:
- To bury, especially to inhume or entomb.
- To dig up the ground (for agriculture, excavation, etc.)
- (rare) To dig into one's hands.
- To carve or adorn:
- (figurative) To impress deeply on the mind.
- c. 1380s, [Geoffrey Chaucer, William Caxton, editor], The Double Sorow of Troylus to Telle Kyng Pryamus Sone of Troye [...] [Troilus and Criseyde], [Westminster]: Explicit per Caxton, published 1482, →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], book IV, [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:
- With gold, men may the herte grave.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation
| infinitive | (to) graven, grave | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | past tense | ||
| 1st-person singular | grave | grof, graved | |
| 2nd-person singular | gravest | grove, grof, gravedest | |
| 3rd-person singular | graveth | grof, graved | |
| subjunctive singular | grave | grove1, graved1 | |
| imperative singular | — | ||
| plural2 | graven, grave | groven, grove, graveden, gravede | |
| imperative plural | graveth, grave | — | |
| participles | gravynge, gravende | graven, grave, graved, ygraven, ygrave, ygraved | |
Conjugation of graven (strong class 6 or weak in -ed)
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Related terms
Descendants
References
- “grāven, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Noun
graven m or f
Noun
graven m
Verb
graven
- inflection of gravar:
Noun
graven
Anagrams
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