gae

See also: gãe, gæ, GAE, ǁgà̰e, gaə, gaə́, gaə̂, and gaə̌

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡeː/

Noun

gae m (genitive singular gae, nominative plural gaethe)

1. (archaic or dialectal) Alternative form of ga (“spear, dart; ray”)

Declension

Declension of gae (fourth declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative gae gaethe vocative a ghae a ghaethe genitive gae gaethe dative gae gaethe forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an gae na gaethe genitive an ghae na ngaethe dative leis an ngae don ghae leis na gaethe

Mutation

Mutated forms of gae

radical	lenition	eclipsis
gae	ghae	ngae

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gae”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *gaisos.^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡai̯/

Noun

gae m

1. spear

Inflection

Due to the word's unusual historical structure (the stem having /ai̯/ followed by a lost s) the spellings gae and gai are in fact interchangeable for all forms where they appear.

Masculine o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	gae	gaeL	gaiL
vocative	gai	gaeL	gauH
accusative	gaeN	gaeL	gauH
genitive	gaiL	gae	gaeN
dative	gaeL	gaib	gaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Irish: ga

Mutation

Mutation of gae

radical	lenition	nasalization
gae	gae pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/	ngae

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gayso-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 154

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scots

Etymology 1

Inherited from Northern Middle English ga, gan, from Old English gān (“to go”).

Cognates

Cognate with English go, West Frisian gean, Low German gahn, Dutch gaan, German gehen, Swedish and Danish gå, Norwegian gå.

Verb

gae

1. to go
   • 1861, Various, The Golden Treasury‎:

     O waly waly, up the bank, / And waly waly down the brae, / And waly waly yon burn-side / Where I and my Love wont to gae!

     Woe woe, up the bank, / And woe woe down the hill / And woe woe over burnside / Where my love and I tend to go!

   • 1884, Alexander Leighton, Wilson's Tales of the Borders and of Scotland Volume 17‎:

     Gae awa, gae awa — I canna thole the very thochts o' the story whilk thou ettles to ken.

     Go away, go away — I cannot deal with the very thoughts of the story which you are trying to know.

Etymology 2

Verb

gae

1. simple past tense of gie
   • 1816, Sir Walter Scott, Old Mortality, Illustrated, Volume 1.‎:

     Eh, Mr Henry! but the carle gae them a screed o' doctrine!

     Hey, Mr Henry! but the man gave them a piece of doctrine!

   • 1918, J. M. Barrie, A Window in Thrums‎:

     Chirsty was in Tilliedrum last Teisday or Wednesday, an' Tibbie gae her a cup o' tea.

     Chirsty was in Tilliedrum last Tuesday or Wednesday, and Tibbie gave her a cup of tea.

Swahili

FWOTD – 10 June 2017

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɠɑ.ɛ/

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Noun

gae class V (plural magae class VI)

1. potsherd (broken piece of pottery)
   • 1994, Historia fupi ya Zanzibar, page 24:

     Sakafu iliinuliwa kwa mchanga kiasi cha nusu mita na misingi ya msikiti ilichimbwa ndani ya tabaka za ardhi za miaka iliyopita zenye takataka na kujumuisha magae ya vyombo vya "Celado" na vya rangi manjano na mapambo meusi.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ɡaːɨ̯/
• (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈɡai̯/
  • (South Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈɡaː/

Noun

gae

1. Soft mutation of cae (“field”).

Verb

gae

1. Soft mutation of cae (“(s/he) closes, shuts”).

Mutation

Mutated forms of cae

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
cae	gae	nghae	chae

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Yola

Alternative forms

• ga, gaed

Etymology

From Middle English gaf. Doublet of ya.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaː/, /ɡaːd/

Verb

gae

1. simple past of gee
   • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 5, page 96:

     Zoo wough aul vell a-danceen; earch bye gae a poage

     So we all fell a-dancing; each boy gave a kiss

   • 1867, “THE BRIDE'S PORTION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 102:

     A portion ich gae her, was (it's now ich have ee-tolth)

     The portion I gave her was (it's now I have told)

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 41