funda

See also: Funda, fundá, and fundà

English

Etymology

Contraction of fundamental, originating in Indian English.

Noun

funda (countable and uncountable, plural fundas or fundae or fundaes)

1. (India) Basics or fundamentals, considered as a unit.

   Get your funda correct before you submit the paper.

   What is the funda behind relativity?

   • 1992

     In my opinion, the funda is as follows:

2. (India) Understanding.
   • 1993,

     You did not have the funda to realize that the statistics is an ass.

   • 1993,

     But then, your funda is weak.

Usage notes

Whilst fundaes and fundae both occur as the plural of funda, fundas is far more widespread. The pluralization to fundae is by analogy to formula/formulae. The pluralization to fundas is by the simple addition of -s.

The word is frequently used in Indian quizzing circles to denote the interesting fact or concept behind a question.

See also

• fundu

References

• Usenet posting by Sivakumar Ravada, prescribing fundae as the plural
• IITM lingo, accessed on 2005-05-09, prescribing fundaes as the plural
• The Fundoo Funda, some comments about the words funda and fundoo.

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈfun.də]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈfun.da]

Etymology 1

Learned borrowing from Late Latin funda (“bag”). Doublet of fona.

Noun

funda f (plural fundes)

1. cover, sheath

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

funda

1. inflection of fundar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “funda” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “funda”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “funda” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Fanagalo

Etymology

From Zulu -funda, from Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

Verb

funda

1. to learn
2. to study
3. to read

Galician

Etymology 1

Attested with this meaning since the 14th century. From Latin funda. Doublet of fonda. Compare Portuguese fonda and Spanish funda and honda.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈfundɐ]

Noun

funda f (plural fundas)

1. case, cover

   Synonym: estoxo

   • c. 1350, Lourdes Soriano, editor, Livro de Tristan:

     Quando eles uirõ Lãça[rote] nõ no conoçerõ porque fezera el meter seu escudo em sua fonda

     When they saw Lancelot they didn't recognise him, because he ordered to put his shield inside its case

2. overalls

   Synonym: mono

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “funda”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “funda”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “funda”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “funda”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “funda”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Etymology 2

Verb

funda

1. inflection of fundir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfʏnta/
• Rhymes: -ʏnta

Etymology 1

From fundur +‎ -a.

Verb

funda (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative fundaði, supine fundað)

1. (intransitive) to meet, to gather

Conjugation

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að funda
supine (sagnbót)		fundað
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		fundandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég funda	við fundum	present (nútíð)	ég fundi	við fundum
	þú fundar	þið fundið		þú fundir	þið fundið
	hann, hún, það fundar	þeir, þær, þau funda		hann, hún, það fundi	þeir, þær, þau fundi
past (þátíð)	ég fundaði	við funduðum	past (þátíð)	ég fundaði	við funduðum
	þú fundaðir	þið funduðuð		þú fundaðir	þið funduðuð
	hann, hún, það fundaði	þeir, þær, þau funduðu		hann, hún, það fundaði	þeir, þær, þau funduðu
imperative (boðháttur)	funda (þú)	fundið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	fundaðu	fundiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

funda — active voice (germynd)

Etymology 2

Inflected form of fundur (“meeting”).

Noun

funda

1. indefinite genitive plural of fundur

Kituba

Verb

funda

1. to accuse

Latin

Latin Wikipedia has an article on:

funda

Wikipedia ^la

Funda (Slingshot)

Etymology 1

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰondʰeh₂, from *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”), whence English bind. Alternatively, a loanword from an unknown language, which may also have been the source of Ancient Greek σφενδόνη (sphendónē, “sling”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈfun.da/, [ˈfʊn̪d̪ä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfun.da/, [ˈfun̪d̪ä]

Noun

funda f (genitive fundae); first declension

1. a hand-sling (contrasted with fustibalus (“a sling-staff”, “a stick sling”))

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	funda	fundae
Genitive	fundae	fundārum
Dative	fundae	fundīs
Accusative	fundam	fundās
Ablative	fundā	fundīs
Vocative	funda	fundae

Derived terms

• fundifōrmis (New Latin)
• funditor
• *fundula (diminutive) (Vulgar Latin)
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *fundla (contraction)
    • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *flunda (metathesis)
      • Asturian: flonda, fronda
      • Italian: fionda
      • French: fronde
      • Sicilian: ciunna

Descendants

• Catalan: fona, → funda
• West Iberian
  • Old Galician-Portuguese:
    • Galician: fonda, funda
    • Portuguese: funda
  • Spanish: honda
• → Koine Greek: φοῦνδα (phoûnda)
  • → Greek: φούντα (foúnta, “tuft”)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈfun.daː/, [ˈfʊn̪d̪äː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfun.da/, [ˈfun̪d̪ä]

Verb

fundā

1. second-person singular present active imperative of fundō

References

1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “funda”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 249

Further reading

• “funda”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “funda”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• funda in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “funda”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “funda”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

Verb

-fúnda

1. (intransitive) to learn
2. (transitive) to read

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfũ.dɐ/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin funda (“sling”).

Noun

funda f (plural fundas)

1. sling (cloth weapon)
   • Bible, 1 Samuel 17:50

     Portanto, Davi, com uma funda e uma pedra, mostrou ser mais forte que o filisteu, e o entregou à morte, e não havia espada na mão de Davi.

     So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and smote the Philistine, and slew him; but there was no sword in the hand of David.

   Synonyms: fundíbulo, catapulta

2. catapult, slingshot (elastic weapon)

   Synonyms: estilingue, atiradeira, bodoque

3. sling (hanging bandage)

   Synonym: tipoia

Related terms

• fundeiro, fundibulário, fundista, fustíbalo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

funda

1. feminine singular of fundo

Etymology 3

Verb

funda

1. inflection of fundar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative
2. inflection of fundir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French fonder, based on Romanian fund.

Verb

a funda (third-person singular present fundează, past participle fundat) 1st conj.

1. to found, set a foundation

   Synonyms: întemeia, înființa

Conjugation

infinitive			a funda
gerund			fundând
past participle			fundat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	fundez	fundezi	fundează	fundăm	fundați	fundează
	imperfect	fundam	fundai	funda	fundam	fundați	fundau
	simple perfect	fundai	fundași	fundă	fundarăm	fundarăți	fundară
	pluperfect	fundasem	fundaseși	fundase	fundaserăm	fundaserăți	fundaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să fundez	să fundezi	să fundeze	să fundăm	să fundați	să fundeze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		fundează			fundați
	negative		nu funda			nu fundați

    conjugation of funda (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

Related terms

• fundament
• fundație
• fund

Shona

Etymology

From a Nguni language; compare Zulu -funda.

Verb

-fúndá (infinitive kufúndá)

1. study
2. learn

   Synonym: -dzidza

Derived terms

• mufundi

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

Verb

-fúnda

1. (intransitive) to learn
2. (transitive) to read

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Spanish

Alternative forms

• hunda (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfunda/ [ˈfũn̪.d̪a]
• Rhymes: -unda
• Syllabification: fun‧da

Etymology 1

From Latin funda.

Noun

funda f (plural fundas)

1. a case, a covering or bag used to wrap something up and protect it
2. (Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Ecuador) a bag made of paper or plastic

   Synonyms: bolsa, saco

3. (Bolivia) a female undergarment similar to a skirt

Derived terms

• enfundar
• funda de almohada (“pillowcase”)

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

funda

1. inflection of fundar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

funda

1. inflection of fundir:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “funda”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

References

• Orlando Alba (2003) Cómo hablamos los dominicanos‎, Santo Domingo: Amigo del Hogar

Swahili

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-funda (infinitive kufunda)

1. to instruct, teach

Conjugation

Conjugation of -funda
Positive present -nafunda Subjunctive -funde Negative -fundi Imperative singular funda
Infinitives
Positive kufunda Negative kutofunda
Imperatives
Singular funda Plural fundeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hufunda Positive past positive subject concord + -lifunda Negative past negative subject concord + -kufunda
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nafunda) Singular Plural 1st person ninafunda/nafunda tunafunda 2nd person unafunda mnafunda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anafunda wanafunda other classes positive subject concord + -nafunda
Negative present (negative subject concord + -fundi) Singular Plural 1st person sifundi hatufundi 2nd person hufundi hamfundi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hafundi hawafundi other classes negative subject concord + -fundi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tafunda Negative future negative subject concord + -tafunda
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -funde) Singular Plural 1st person nifunde tufunde 2nd person ufunde mfunde 3rd person m-wa(I/II) afunde wafunde other classes positive subject concord + -funde
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sifunde Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngefunda Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singefunda Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalifunda Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalifunda
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -afunda) Singular Plural 1st person nafunda twafunda 2nd person wafunda mwafunda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) afunda wafunda m-mi(III/IV) wafunda yafunda ji-ma(V/VI) lafunda yafunda ki-vi(VII/VIII) chafunda vyafunda n(IX/X) yafunda zafunda u(XI) wafunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwafunda pa(XVI) pafunda mu(XVIII) mwafunda
Perfect positive subject concord + -mefunda "Already" positive subject concord + -meshafunda "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jafunda "If/When" positive subject concord + -kifunda "If not" positive subject concord + -sipofunda Consecutive kafunda / positive subject concord + -kafunda Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kafunde
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nifunda -tufunda 2nd person -kufunda -wafunda/-kufundeni/-wafundeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mfunda -wafunda m-mi(III/IV) -ufunda -ifunda ji-ma(V/VI) -lifunda -yafunda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kifunda -vifunda n(IX/X) -ifunda -zifunda u(XI) -ufunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kufunda pa(XVI) -pafunda mu(XVIII) -mufunda Reflexive -jifunda
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -funda- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -fundaye -fundao m-mi(III/IV) -fundao -fundayo ji-ma(V/VI) -fundalo -fundayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -fundacho -fundavyo n(IX/X) -fundayo -fundazo u(XI) -fundao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -fundako pa(XVI) -fundapo mu(XVIII) -fundamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -funda) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yefunda -ofunda m-mi(III/IV) -ofunda -yofunda ji-ma(V/VI) -lofunda -yofunda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chofunda -vyofunda n(IX/X) -yofunda -zofunda u(XI) -ofunda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kofunda pa(XVI) -pofunda mu(XVIII) -mofunda
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Causative: -fundisha

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish فونده (funda), from Greek φούντα (foúnta, “shrub; flake, fringe”) from Hellenistic φοῦνδα (phoûnda), from Latin funda (“hand-sling, net”).

Noun

funda (definite accusative fundayı, plural fundalar)

1. shrub, heath
2. (botanics) heath

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	funda
Definite accusative	fundayı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	funda	fundalar
Definite accusative	fundayı	fundaları
Dative	fundaya	fundalara
Locative	fundada	fundalarda
Ablative	fundadan	fundalardan
Genitive	fundanın	fundaların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular fundam fundalarım 2nd singular fundan fundaların 3rd singular fundası fundaları 1st plural fundamız fundalarımız 2nd plural fundanız fundalarınız 3rd plural fundaları fundaları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular fundamı fundalarımı 2nd singular fundanı fundalarını 3rd singular fundasını fundalarını 1st plural fundamızı fundalarımızı 2nd plural fundanızı fundalarınızı 3rd plural fundalarını fundalarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular fundama fundalarıma 2nd singular fundana fundalarına 3rd singular fundasına fundalarına 1st plural fundamıza fundalarımıza 2nd plural fundanıza fundalarınıza 3rd plural fundalarına fundalarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular fundamda fundalarımda 2nd singular fundanda fundalarında 3rd singular fundasında fundalarında 1st plural fundamızda fundalarımızda 2nd plural fundanızda fundalarınızda 3rd plural fundalarında fundalarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular fundamdan fundalarımdan 2nd singular fundandan fundalarından 3rd singular fundasından fundalarından 1st plural fundamızdan fundalarımızdan 2nd plural fundanızdan fundalarınızdan 3rd plural fundalarından fundalarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular fundamın fundalarımın 2nd singular fundanın fundalarının 3rd singular fundasının fundalarının 1st plural fundamızın fundalarımızın 2nd plural fundanızın fundalarınızın 3rd plural fundalarının fundalarının
Predicative forms Singular Plural 1st singular fundayım fundalarım 2nd singular fundasın fundalarsın 3rd singular funda fundadır fundalar fundalardır 1st plural fundayız fundalarız 2nd plural fundasınız fundalarsınız 3rd plural fundalar fundalardır

References

• Meyer, Gustav (1893) “Türkische Studien. I. Die griechischen und romanischen Bestandtheile im Wortschatze des Osmanisch-Türkischen”, in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (in German), volume 128, Wien: In Commission bei F. Tempsky, page 89
• φούντα, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

Verb

-fúnda

1. (intransitive) to learn
2. (transitive) to read

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• -fundisa

Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.

Verb

-fúnda

1. (intransitive) to learn
2. (transitive) to study
3. (transitive) to read

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukufunda
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukufunda	ukungafundi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	funda	-funde
Plural	fundani	-fundeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyafunda, ngifunda	engifundayo, engifunda	ngifunda	angifundi	engingafundi	ngingafundi
2nd singular	uyafunda, ufunda	ofundayo, ofunda	ufunda	awufundi	ongafundi	ungafundi
1st plural	siyafunda, sifunda	esifundayo, esifunda	sifunda	asifundi	esingafundi	singafundi
2nd plural	niyafunda, nifunda	enifundayo, enifunda	nifunda	anifundi	eningafundi	ningafundi
Class 1	uyafunda, ufunda	ofundayo, ofunda	efunda	akafundi	ongafundi	engafundi
Class 2	bayafunda, bafunda	abafundayo, abafunda	befunda	abafundi	abangafundi	bengafundi
Class 3	uyafunda, ufunda	ofundayo, ofunda	ufunda	awufundi	ongafundi	ungafundi
Class 4	iyafunda, ifunda	efundayo, efunda	ifunda	ayifundi	engafundi	ingafundi
Class 5	liyafunda, lifunda	elifundayo, elifunda	lifunda	alifundi	elingafundi	lingafundi
Class 6	ayafunda, afunda	afundayo, afunda	efunda	awafundi	angafundi	engafundi
Class 7	siyafunda, sifunda	esifundayo, esifunda	sifunda	asifundi	esingafundi	singafundi
Class 8	ziyafunda, zifunda	ezifundayo, ezifunda	zifunda	azifundi	ezingafundi	zingafundi
Class 9	iyafunda, ifunda	efundayo, efunda	ifunda	ayifundi	engafundi	ingafundi
Class 10	ziyafunda, zifunda	ezifundayo, ezifunda	zifunda	azifundi	ezingafundi	zingafundi
Class 11	luyafunda, lufunda	olufundayo, olufunda	lufunda	alufundi	olungafundi	lungafundi
Class 14	buyafunda, bufunda	obufundayo, obufunda	bufunda	abufundi	obungafundi	bungafundi
Class 15	kuyafunda, kufunda	okufundayo, okufunda	kufunda	akufundi	okungafundi	kungafundi
Class 17	kuyafunda, kufunda	okufundayo, okufunda	kufunda	akufundi	okungafundi	kungafundi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngifundile, ngifundē	engifundile, engifundē	ngifundile, ngifundē	angifundanga	engingafundanga	ngingafundanga
2nd singular	ufundile, ufundē	ofundile, ofundē	ufundile, ufundē	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
1st plural	sifundile, sifundē	esifundile, esifundē	sifundile, sifundē	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
2nd plural	nifundile, nifundē	enifundile, enifundē	nifundile, nifundē	anifundanga	eningafundanga	ningafundanga
Class 1	ufundile, ufundē	ofundile, ofundē	efundile, efundē	akafundanga	ongafundanga	engafundanga
Class 2	bafundile, bafundē	abafundile, abafundē	befundile, befundē	abafundanga	abangafundanga	bengafundanga
Class 3	ufundile, ufundē	ofundile, ofundē	ufundile, ufundē	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
Class 4	ifundile, ifundē	efundile, efundē	ifundile, ifundē	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
Class 5	lifundile, lifundē	elifundile, elifundē	lifundile, lifundē	alifundanga	elingafundanga	lingafundanga
Class 6	afundile, afundē	afundile, afundē	efundile, efundē	awafundanga	angafundanga	engafundanga
Class 7	sifundile, sifundē	esifundile, esifundē	sifundile, sifundē	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
Class 8	zifundile, zifundē	ezifundile, ezifundē	zifundile, zifundē	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
Class 9	ifundile, ifundē	efundile, efundē	ifundile, ifundē	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
Class 10	zifundile, zifundē	ezifundile, ezifundē	zifundile, zifundē	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
Class 11	lufundile, lufundē	olufundile, olufundē	lufundile, lufundē	alufundanga	olungafundanga	lungafundanga
Class 14	bufundile, bufundē	obufundile, obufundē	bufundile, bufundē	abufundanga	obungafundanga	bungafundanga
Class 15	kufundile, kufundē	okufundile, okufundē	kufundile, kufundē	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
Class 17	kufundile, kufundē	okufundile, okufundē	kufundile, kufundē	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāfunda	engāfunda	ngāfunda	angifundanga	engingafundanga	ngingafundanga
2nd singular	wāfunda	owāfunda	wāfunda	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
1st plural	sāfunda	esāfunda	sāfunda	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
2nd plural	nāfunda	enāfunda	nāfunda	anifundanga	eningafundanga	ningafundanga
Class 1	wāfunda	owāfunda	āfunda	akafundanga	ongafundanga	engafundanga
Class 2	bāfunda	abāfunda	bāfunda	abafundanga	abangafundanga	bengafundanga
Class 3	wāfunda	owāfunda	wāfunda	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
Class 4	yāfunda	eyāfunda	yāfunda	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
Class 5	lāfunda	elāfunda	lāfunda	alifundanga	elingafundanga	lingafundanga
Class 6	āfunda	āfunda	āfunda	awafundanga	angafundanga	engafundanga
Class 7	sāfunda	esāfunda	sāfunda	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
Class 8	zāfunda	ezāfunda	zāfunda	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
Class 9	yāfunda	eyāfunda	yāfunda	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
Class 10	zāfunda	ezāfunda	zāfunda	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
Class 11	lwāfunda	olwāfunda	lwāfunda	alufundanga	olungafundanga	lungafundanga
Class 14	bāfunda	obāfunda	bāfunda	abufundanga	obungafundanga	bungafundanga
Class 15	kwāfunda	okwāfunda	kwāfunda	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
Class 17	kwāfunda	okwāfunda	kwāfunda	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingafunda	—	ngingafunda	ngingefunde	—	ngingefunde
2nd singular	ungafunda	—	ungafunda	ungefunde	—	ungefunde
1st plural	singafunda	—	singafunda	singefunde	—	singefunde
2nd plural	ningafunda	—	ningafunda	ningefunde	—	ningefunde
Class 1	angafunda	—	engafunda	angefunde	—	engefunde
Class 2	bangafunda	—	bengafunda	bangefunde	—	bengefunde
Class 3	ungafunda	—	ungafunda	ungefunde	—	ungefunde
Class 4	ingafunda	—	ingafunda	ingefunde	—	ingefunde
Class 5	lingafunda	—	lingafunda	lingefunde	—	lingefunde
Class 6	angafunda	—	engafunda	angefunde	—	engefunde
Class 7	singafunda	—	singafunda	singefunde	—	singefunde
Class 8	zingafunda	—	zingafunda	zingefunde	—	zingefunde
Class 9	ingafunda	—	ingafunda	ingefunde	—	ingefunde
Class 10	zingafunda	—	zingafunda	zingefunde	—	zingefunde
Class 11	lungafunda	—	lungafunda	lungefunde	—	lungefunde
Class 14	bungafunda	—	bungafunda	bungefunde	—	bungefunde
Class 15	kungafunda	—	kungafunda	kungefunde	—	kungefunde
Class 17	kungafunda	—	kungafunda	kungefunde	—	kungefunde
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizofunda	engizofunda	ngizofunda	angizufunda	engingezufunda	ngingezufunda
2nd singular	uzofunda	ozofunda	uzofunda	awuzufunda	ongezufunda	ungezufunda
1st plural	sizofunda	esizofunda	sizofunda	asizufunda	esingezufunda	singezufunda
2nd plural	nizofunda	enizofunda	nizofunda	anizufunda	eningezufunda	ningezufunda
Class 1	uzofunda	ozofunda	ezofunda	akazufunda	ongezufunda	engezufunda
Class 2	bazofunda	abazofunda	bezofunda	abazufunda	abangezufunda	bengezufunda
Class 3	uzofunda	ozofunda	uzofunda	awuzufunda	ongezufunda	ungezufunda
Class 4	izofunda	ezofunda	izofunda	ayizufunda	engezufunda	ingezufunda
Class 5	lizofunda	elizofunda	lizofunda	alizufunda	elingezufunda	lingezufunda
Class 6	azofunda	azofunda	ezofunda	awazufunda	angezufunda	engezufunda
Class 7	sizofunda	esizofunda	sizofunda	asizufunda	esingezufunda	singezufunda
Class 8	zizofunda	ezizofunda	zizofunda	azizufunda	ezingezufunda	zingezufunda
Class 9	izofunda	ezofunda	izofunda	ayizufunda	engezufunda	ingezufunda
Class 10	zizofunda	ezizofunda	zizofunda	azizufunda	ezingezufunda	zingezufunda
Class 11	luzofunda	oluzofunda	luzofunda	aluzufunda	olungezufunda	lungezufunda
Class 14	buzofunda	obuzofunda	buzofunda	abuzufunda	obungezufunda	bungezufunda
Class 15	kuzofunda	okuzofunda	kuzofunda	akuzufunda	okungezufunda	kungezufunda
Class 17	kuzofunda	okuzofunda	kuzofunda	akuzufunda	okungezufunda	kungezufunda
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyofunda	engiyofunda	ngiyofunda	angiyufunda	engingeyufunda	ngingeyufunda
2nd singular	uyofunda	oyofunda	uyofunda	awuyufunda	ongeyufunda	ungeyufunda
1st plural	siyofunda	esiyofunda	siyofunda	asiyufunda	esingeyufunda	singeyufunda
2nd plural	niyofunda	eniyofunda	niyofunda	aniyufunda	eningeyufunda	ningeyufunda
Class 1	uyofunda	oyofunda	eyofunda	akayufunda	ongeyufunda	engeyufunda
Class 2	bayofunda	abayofunda	beyofunda	abayufunda	abangeyufunda	bengeyufunda
Class 3	uyofunda	oyofunda	uyofunda	awuyufunda	ongeyufunda	ungeyufunda
Class 4	iyofunda	eyofunda	iyofunda	ayiyufunda	engeyufunda	ingeyufunda
Class 5	liyofunda	eliyofunda	liyofunda	aliyufunda	elingeyufunda	lingeyufunda
Class 6	ayofunda	ayofunda	eyofunda	awayufunda	angeyufunda	engeyufunda
Class 7	siyofunda	esiyofunda	siyofunda	asiyufunda	esingeyufunda	singeyufunda
Class 8	ziyofunda	eziyofunda	ziyofunda	aziyufunda	ezingeyufunda	zingeyufunda
Class 9	iyofunda	eyofunda	iyofunda	ayiyufunda	engeyufunda	ingeyufunda
Class 10	ziyofunda	eziyofunda	ziyofunda	aziyufunda	ezingeyufunda	zingeyufunda
Class 11	luyofunda	oluyofunda	luyofunda	aluyufunda	olungeyufunda	lungeyufunda
Class 14	buyofunda	obuyofunda	buyofunda	abuyufunda	obungeyufunda	bungeyufunda
Class 15	kuyofunda	okuyofunda	kuyofunda	akuyufunda	okungeyufunda	kungeyufunda
Class 17	kuyofunda	okuyofunda	kuyofunda	akuyufunda	okungeyufunda	kungeyufunda
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngifunde	ngingafundi
2nd singular	ufunde	ungafundi
1st plural	sifunde	singafundi
2nd plural	nifunde	ningafundi
Class 1	afunde	angafundi
Class 2	bafunde	bangafundi
Class 3	ufunde	ungafundi
Class 4	ifunde	ingafundi
Class 5	lifunde	lingafundi
Class 6	afunde	angafundi
Class 7	sifunde	singafundi
Class 8	zifunde	zingafundi
Class 9	ifunde	ingafundi
Class 10	zifunde	zingafundi
Class 11	lufunde	lungafundi
Class 14	bufunde	bungafundi
Class 15	kufunde	kungafundi
Class 17	kufunde	kungafundi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngafunda	ngangafunda, angafunda, angangafunda
2nd singular	wafunda	wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda
1st plural	safunda	sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda
2nd plural	nafunda	nangafunda, anafunda, anangafunda
Class 1	wafunda	wangafunda, akafunda, akangafunda
Class 2	bafunda	bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda
Class 3	wafunda	wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda
Class 4	yafunda	yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda
Class 5	lafunda	langafunda, alafunda, alangafunda
Class 6	afunda	angafunda, awafunda, awangafunda
Class 7	safunda	sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda
Class 8	zafunda	zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda
Class 9	yafunda	yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda
Class 10	zafunda	zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda
Class 11	lwafunda	lwangafunda, alwafunda, alwangafunda
Class 14	bafunda	bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda
Class 15	kwafunda	kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda
Class 17	kwafunda	kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda

Derived terms

• -fundisa

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *-kúnda.

Verb

-funda^?

1. (transitive) to swallow (food)

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukufunda
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukufunda	ukungafundi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	funda	-funde
Plural	fundani	-fundeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyafunda, ngifunda	engifundayo, engifunda	ngifunda	angifundi	engingafundi	ngingafundi
2nd singular	uyafunda, ufunda	ofundayo, ofunda	ufunda	awufundi	ongafundi	ungafundi
1st plural	siyafunda, sifunda	esifundayo, esifunda	sifunda	asifundi	esingafundi	singafundi
2nd plural	niyafunda, nifunda	enifundayo, enifunda	nifunda	anifundi	eningafundi	ningafundi
Class 1	uyafunda, ufunda	ofundayo, ofunda	efunda	akafundi	ongafundi	engafundi
Class 2	bayafunda, bafunda	abafundayo, abafunda	befunda	abafundi	abangafundi	bengafundi
Class 3	uyafunda, ufunda	ofundayo, ofunda	ufunda	awufundi	ongafundi	ungafundi
Class 4	iyafunda, ifunda	efundayo, efunda	ifunda	ayifundi	engafundi	ingafundi
Class 5	liyafunda, lifunda	elifundayo, elifunda	lifunda	alifundi	elingafundi	lingafundi
Class 6	ayafunda, afunda	afundayo, afunda	efunda	awafundi	angafundi	engafundi
Class 7	siyafunda, sifunda	esifundayo, esifunda	sifunda	asifundi	esingafundi	singafundi
Class 8	ziyafunda, zifunda	ezifundayo, ezifunda	zifunda	azifundi	ezingafundi	zingafundi
Class 9	iyafunda, ifunda	efundayo, efunda	ifunda	ayifundi	engafundi	ingafundi
Class 10	ziyafunda, zifunda	ezifundayo, ezifunda	zifunda	azifundi	ezingafundi	zingafundi
Class 11	luyafunda, lufunda	olufundayo, olufunda	lufunda	alufundi	olungafundi	lungafundi
Class 14	buyafunda, bufunda	obufundayo, obufunda	bufunda	abufundi	obungafundi	bungafundi
Class 15	kuyafunda, kufunda	okufundayo, okufunda	kufunda	akufundi	okungafundi	kungafundi
Class 17	kuyafunda, kufunda	okufundayo, okufunda	kufunda	akufundi	okungafundi	kungafundi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngifundile, ngifundē	engifundile, engifundē	ngifundile, ngifundē	angifundanga	engingafundanga	ngingafundanga
2nd singular	ufundile, ufundē	ofundile, ofundē	ufundile, ufundē	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
1st plural	sifundile, sifundē	esifundile, esifundē	sifundile, sifundē	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
2nd plural	nifundile, nifundē	enifundile, enifundē	nifundile, nifundē	anifundanga	eningafundanga	ningafundanga
Class 1	ufundile, ufundē	ofundile, ofundē	efundile, efundē	akafundanga	ongafundanga	engafundanga
Class 2	bafundile, bafundē	abafundile, abafundē	befundile, befundē	abafundanga	abangafundanga	bengafundanga
Class 3	ufundile, ufundē	ofundile, ofundē	ufundile, ufundē	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
Class 4	ifundile, ifundē	efundile, efundē	ifundile, ifundē	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
Class 5	lifundile, lifundē	elifundile, elifundē	lifundile, lifundē	alifundanga	elingafundanga	lingafundanga
Class 6	afundile, afundē	afundile, afundē	efundile, efundē	awafundanga	angafundanga	engafundanga
Class 7	sifundile, sifundē	esifundile, esifundē	sifundile, sifundē	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
Class 8	zifundile, zifundē	ezifundile, ezifundē	zifundile, zifundē	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
Class 9	ifundile, ifundē	efundile, efundē	ifundile, ifundē	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
Class 10	zifundile, zifundē	ezifundile, ezifundē	zifundile, zifundē	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
Class 11	lufundile, lufundē	olufundile, olufundē	lufundile, lufundē	alufundanga	olungafundanga	lungafundanga
Class 14	bufundile, bufundē	obufundile, obufundē	bufundile, bufundē	abufundanga	obungafundanga	bungafundanga
Class 15	kufundile, kufundē	okufundile, okufundē	kufundile, kufundē	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
Class 17	kufundile, kufundē	okufundile, okufundē	kufundile, kufundē	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāfunda	engāfunda	ngāfunda	angifundanga	engingafundanga	ngingafundanga
2nd singular	wāfunda	owāfunda	wāfunda	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
1st plural	sāfunda	esāfunda	sāfunda	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
2nd plural	nāfunda	enāfunda	nāfunda	anifundanga	eningafundanga	ningafundanga
Class 1	wāfunda	owāfunda	āfunda	akafundanga	ongafundanga	engafundanga
Class 2	bāfunda	abāfunda	bāfunda	abafundanga	abangafundanga	bengafundanga
Class 3	wāfunda	owāfunda	wāfunda	awufundanga	ongafundanga	ungafundanga
Class 4	yāfunda	eyāfunda	yāfunda	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
Class 5	lāfunda	elāfunda	lāfunda	alifundanga	elingafundanga	lingafundanga
Class 6	āfunda	āfunda	āfunda	awafundanga	angafundanga	engafundanga
Class 7	sāfunda	esāfunda	sāfunda	asifundanga	esingafundanga	singafundanga
Class 8	zāfunda	ezāfunda	zāfunda	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
Class 9	yāfunda	eyāfunda	yāfunda	ayifundanga	engafundanga	ingafundanga
Class 10	zāfunda	ezāfunda	zāfunda	azifundanga	ezingafundanga	zingafundanga
Class 11	lwāfunda	olwāfunda	lwāfunda	alufundanga	olungafundanga	lungafundanga
Class 14	bāfunda	obāfunda	bāfunda	abufundanga	obungafundanga	bungafundanga
Class 15	kwāfunda	okwāfunda	kwāfunda	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
Class 17	kwāfunda	okwāfunda	kwāfunda	akufundanga	okungafundanga	kungafundanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingafunda	—	ngingafunda	ngingefunde	—	ngingefunde
2nd singular	ungafunda	—	ungafunda	ungefunde	—	ungefunde
1st plural	singafunda	—	singafunda	singefunde	—	singefunde
2nd plural	ningafunda	—	ningafunda	ningefunde	—	ningefunde
Class 1	angafunda	—	engafunda	angefunde	—	engefunde
Class 2	bangafunda	—	bengafunda	bangefunde	—	bengefunde
Class 3	ungafunda	—	ungafunda	ungefunde	—	ungefunde
Class 4	ingafunda	—	ingafunda	ingefunde	—	ingefunde
Class 5	lingafunda	—	lingafunda	lingefunde	—	lingefunde
Class 6	angafunda	—	engafunda	angefunde	—	engefunde
Class 7	singafunda	—	singafunda	singefunde	—	singefunde
Class 8	zingafunda	—	zingafunda	zingefunde	—	zingefunde
Class 9	ingafunda	—	ingafunda	ingefunde	—	ingefunde
Class 10	zingafunda	—	zingafunda	zingefunde	—	zingefunde
Class 11	lungafunda	—	lungafunda	lungefunde	—	lungefunde
Class 14	bungafunda	—	bungafunda	bungefunde	—	bungefunde
Class 15	kungafunda	—	kungafunda	kungefunde	—	kungefunde
Class 17	kungafunda	—	kungafunda	kungefunde	—	kungefunde
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizofunda	engizofunda	ngizofunda	angizufunda	engingezufunda	ngingezufunda
2nd singular	uzofunda	ozofunda	uzofunda	awuzufunda	ongezufunda	ungezufunda
1st plural	sizofunda	esizofunda	sizofunda	asizufunda	esingezufunda	singezufunda
2nd plural	nizofunda	enizofunda	nizofunda	anizufunda	eningezufunda	ningezufunda
Class 1	uzofunda	ozofunda	ezofunda	akazufunda	ongezufunda	engezufunda
Class 2	bazofunda	abazofunda	bezofunda	abazufunda	abangezufunda	bengezufunda
Class 3	uzofunda	ozofunda	uzofunda	awuzufunda	ongezufunda	ungezufunda
Class 4	izofunda	ezofunda	izofunda	ayizufunda	engezufunda	ingezufunda
Class 5	lizofunda	elizofunda	lizofunda	alizufunda	elingezufunda	lingezufunda
Class 6	azofunda	azofunda	ezofunda	awazufunda	angezufunda	engezufunda
Class 7	sizofunda	esizofunda	sizofunda	asizufunda	esingezufunda	singezufunda
Class 8	zizofunda	ezizofunda	zizofunda	azizufunda	ezingezufunda	zingezufunda
Class 9	izofunda	ezofunda	izofunda	ayizufunda	engezufunda	ingezufunda
Class 10	zizofunda	ezizofunda	zizofunda	azizufunda	ezingezufunda	zingezufunda
Class 11	luzofunda	oluzofunda	luzofunda	aluzufunda	olungezufunda	lungezufunda
Class 14	buzofunda	obuzofunda	buzofunda	abuzufunda	obungezufunda	bungezufunda
Class 15	kuzofunda	okuzofunda	kuzofunda	akuzufunda	okungezufunda	kungezufunda
Class 17	kuzofunda	okuzofunda	kuzofunda	akuzufunda	okungezufunda	kungezufunda
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyofunda	engiyofunda	ngiyofunda	angiyufunda	engingeyufunda	ngingeyufunda
2nd singular	uyofunda	oyofunda	uyofunda	awuyufunda	ongeyufunda	ungeyufunda
1st plural	siyofunda	esiyofunda	siyofunda	asiyufunda	esingeyufunda	singeyufunda
2nd plural	niyofunda	eniyofunda	niyofunda	aniyufunda	eningeyufunda	ningeyufunda
Class 1	uyofunda	oyofunda	eyofunda	akayufunda	ongeyufunda	engeyufunda
Class 2	bayofunda	abayofunda	beyofunda	abayufunda	abangeyufunda	bengeyufunda
Class 3	uyofunda	oyofunda	uyofunda	awuyufunda	ongeyufunda	ungeyufunda
Class 4	iyofunda	eyofunda	iyofunda	ayiyufunda	engeyufunda	ingeyufunda
Class 5	liyofunda	eliyofunda	liyofunda	aliyufunda	elingeyufunda	lingeyufunda
Class 6	ayofunda	ayofunda	eyofunda	awayufunda	angeyufunda	engeyufunda
Class 7	siyofunda	esiyofunda	siyofunda	asiyufunda	esingeyufunda	singeyufunda
Class 8	ziyofunda	eziyofunda	ziyofunda	aziyufunda	ezingeyufunda	zingeyufunda
Class 9	iyofunda	eyofunda	iyofunda	ayiyufunda	engeyufunda	ingeyufunda
Class 10	ziyofunda	eziyofunda	ziyofunda	aziyufunda	ezingeyufunda	zingeyufunda
Class 11	luyofunda	oluyofunda	luyofunda	aluyufunda	olungeyufunda	lungeyufunda
Class 14	buyofunda	obuyofunda	buyofunda	abuyufunda	obungeyufunda	bungeyufunda
Class 15	kuyofunda	okuyofunda	kuyofunda	akuyufunda	okungeyufunda	kungeyufunda
Class 17	kuyofunda	okuyofunda	kuyofunda	akuyufunda	okungeyufunda	kungeyufunda
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngifunde	ngingafundi
2nd singular	ufunde	ungafundi
1st plural	sifunde	singafundi
2nd plural	nifunde	ningafundi
Class 1	afunde	angafundi
Class 2	bafunde	bangafundi
Class 3	ufunde	ungafundi
Class 4	ifunde	ingafundi
Class 5	lifunde	lingafundi
Class 6	afunde	angafundi
Class 7	sifunde	singafundi
Class 8	zifunde	zingafundi
Class 9	ifunde	ingafundi
Class 10	zifunde	zingafundi
Class 11	lufunde	lungafundi
Class 14	bufunde	bungafundi
Class 15	kufunde	kungafundi
Class 17	kufunde	kungafundi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngafunda	ngangafunda, angafunda, angangafunda
2nd singular	wafunda	wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda
1st plural	safunda	sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda
2nd plural	nafunda	nangafunda, anafunda, anangafunda
Class 1	wafunda	wangafunda, akafunda, akangafunda
Class 2	bafunda	bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda
Class 3	wafunda	wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda
Class 4	yafunda	yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda
Class 5	lafunda	langafunda, alafunda, alangafunda
Class 6	afunda	angafunda, awafunda, awangafunda
Class 7	safunda	sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda
Class 8	zafunda	zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda
Class 9	yafunda	yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda
Class 10	zafunda	zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda
Class 11	lwafunda	lwangafunda, alwafunda, alwangafunda
Class 14	bafunda	bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda
Class 15	kwafunda	kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda
Class 17	kwafunda	kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “funda”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “funda (3.9)”