fructus

English

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Fructus (Roman law)

Wikipedia

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin frūctus.

Noun

fructus (uncountable)

1. (law, historical) In Ancient Roman law, any product originating either from a natural source (such as fruits grown or animals bred) or from legal transactions (e.g. interest on a loan).

Latin

Etymology

From fruor (“have the benefit of, use, enjoy”) +‎ -tus (suffix forming nouns from verbs); equivalent to Proto-Italic *frūktus and Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg-tu-s.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈfruːk.tus/, [ˈfruːkt̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfruk.tus/, [ˈfrukt̪us]

Noun

frūctus m (genitive frūctūs); fourth declension

1. enjoyment, delight, satisfaction

   Synonyms: gaudium, dēlicium, voluptās, laetitia, dēlectātiō

   Antonyms: maeror, maestitia, trīstitia, tristitās

2. produce, product, fruit

   Synonyms: seges, prōventus, frūx

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.671–672:

     fēcundior annus prōvenit, et frūctum terra pecūsque ferunt

     A more fertile year proceeds, and the land and the cattle bring forth produce.

3. profit, yield, output, income
4. (by extension) effect, result, return, reward, success

   Synonyms: successus, frūx, effectus, ēventus, exitus, prōventus

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.31.16:

     cōnsīderāvit agrum et emit eum dē frūctū manuum suārum plantāvit vīneam

     She hath considered a field, and bought it: with the fruit of her hands she hath planted a vineyard. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.; 1752 CE)

Declension

Fourth-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	frūctus	frūctūs
Genitive	frūctūs	frūctuum
Dative	frūctuī	frūctibus
Accusative	frūctum	frūctūs
Ablative	frūctū	frūctibus
Vocative	frūctus	frūctūs

Derived terms

• frūctifer
• frūctificātiō
• frūctificō
• frūctuārius
• frūctuōsē
• frūctuōsus

 

Related terms

• frūgālis
• frūgālitās
• frūgāliter
• frūgēscō
• frūgifer
• frūgiparus
• frūmen
• fruor
• frutex
• frūx

 

Descendants

• Eastern Romance:
  • Aromanian: frut, frutu, fructu, frutã
  • Istro-Romanian: frupt
  • Romanian: frupt, fruct
• Gallo-Italic:
  • Ligurian: frûto
  • Old Lombard: frug
    • Lombard: frut, fruta
  • Old Piedmontese: fruyt
    • Piedmontese: frut
  • Romagnol: fròtta
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Corsican: fruttu
  • Gallurese: fruttu
  • Italian: frutto, frutta
    • → Cimbrian: frutta
  • Neapolitan: frùtto
    • Tarantino: frutte
  • Sardinian: frutu, furtu, fruttu, frutta
  • Sassarese: fruttu, Sassarese: frutta
  • Sicilian: fruttu, frutta
• Navarro-Aragonese: fruto, fructo, fruyto
  • Aragonese: fruito
• Old French: fruit
  • Champenois: frut
  • Gallo: frut
  • Middle French: fruict
    • French: fruit
      • Haitian Creole: fwi
  • Norman: frit
  • Picard: frut
  • Walloon: frut
  • → Middle Dutch: fruut, froyt
    • Dutch: fruit
  • → Middle English: fruyt, freut, fruct, fruit, frut, frute
    • English: fruit
      • Bislama: frut
      • Jamaican Creole: fruut
      • Tok Pisin: frut
      • → Japanese: フルーツ (furūtsu)
    • Scots: fruit, frute
    • → Cornish: frut
• Old Leonese:
  • Asturian: fruitu, fruita
  • Extremaduran: frutu
  • Leonese: fruitu, fruita
  • Mirandese: fruito, fruita
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: fruit, fruita
  • Occitan: fruch, fruit, frucha, fruita
• Old Galician-Portuguese: fruito, fruita
  • Galician: froito, froita, fruita
  • Portuguese: fruto, fruta
• Old Spanish: frucho, frucha
  • Spanish: fruto, Spanish: fruta
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: frut, frute, frutam
  • Romansch: fritg, fretg, früt
  • → Maltese: frott
• Venetian: fruto
• → Albanian: fryt (via Vulgar Latin), frutë (via Classical Latin)
• → Aromanian: fructu
• → Asturian: frutu, fruta
• → Basque: fruitu
• → Baltic Romani: frukto
• → Greek: φρούτο (froúto)
• → Leonese: frutu, fruta
• → Polish: frukt
  • → Russian: фрукт (frukt)
• → Proto-Brythonic: *fruɨθ (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-West Germanic: *fruht (see there for further descendants)
• → Romanian: fruct
• → Spanish: fruto
• → Ukrainian: фрукт (frukt)

Participle

frūctus (feminine frūcta, neuter frūctum); first/second-declension participle

1. enjoyed, having derived pleasure from

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	frūctus	frūcta	frūctum		frūctī	frūctae	frūcta
Genitive	frūctī	frūctae	frūctī		frūctōrum	frūctārum	frūctōrum
Dative	frūctō		frūctō		frūctīs
Accusative	frūctum	frūctam	frūctum		frūctōs	frūctās	frūcta
Ablative	frūctō	frūctā	frūctō		frūctīs
Vocative	frūcte	frūcta	frūctum		frūctī	frūctae	frūcta

References

• “fructus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “fructus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• fructus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• fructus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to derive (great) profit , advantage from a thing: fructum (uberrimum) capere, percipere, consequi ex aliqua re
    
  • (great) advantage accrues to me from this: fructus ex hac re redundant in or ad me
    
  • I am benefited by a thing: aliquid ad meum fructum redundat
    
  • to reap: fructus demetere or percipere
    
  • to harvest crops: fructus condere (N. D. 2. 62. 156)
    
• “fructus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “fructus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin