fodio

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *foðjō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰh₂- (“to pierce, dig”) (root possibly lacking e-grade).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈfo.di.oː/, [ˈfɔd̪ioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfo.di.o/, [ˈfɔːd̪io]

Verb

fodiō (present infinitive fodere, perfect active fōdī, supine fossum); third conjugation iō-variant

1. (literal) to dig, dig up, dig out; to bury; to dig or clear out the earth from a place; to mine, quarry

   Synonym: effodiō

   ager frugifer, argentum etiam incolae fodiunt ― The soil is fertile, (and) inhabitants dig the silver also

2. (transferred sense, Classical Latin) to prick, prod, pierce, thrust, jab, stab, wound

   Synonyms: trānsfīgō, peragō, fīgō, intrō, trāiciō, percutiō, cōnfodiō, trānsigō

3. (figuratively) to goad, sting, disturb

Conjugation

Note that the present passive infinitive is sometimes written as fodirī instead of fodī.

Conjugation of fodiō (third conjugation iō-variant)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	fodiō	fodis	fodit	fodimus	foditis	fodiunt
	imperfect	fodiēbam	fodiēbās	fodiēbat	fodiēbāmus	fodiēbātis	fodiēbant
	future	fodiam	fodiēs	fodiet	fodiēmus	fodiētis	fodient
	perfect	fōdī	fōdistī	fōdit	fōdimus	fōdistis	fōdērunt, fōdēre
	pluperfect	fōderam	fōderās	fōderat	fōderāmus	fōderātis	fōderant
	future perfect	fōderō	fōderis	fōderit	fōderimus	fōderitis	fōderint
passive	present	fodior	foderis, fodere	foditur	fodimur	fodiminī	fodiuntur
	imperfect	fodiēbar	fodiēbāris, fodiēbāre	fodiēbātur	fodiēbāmur	fodiēbāminī	fodiēbantur
	future	fodiar	fodiēris, fodiēre	fodiētur	fodiēmur	fodiēminī	fodientur
	perfect	fossus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	fossus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	fossus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	fodiam	fodiās	fodiat	fodiāmus	fodiātis	fodiant
	imperfect	foderem	foderēs	foderet	foderēmus	foderētis	foderent
	perfect	fōderim	fōderīs	fōderit	fōderīmus	fōderītis	fōderint
	pluperfect	fōdissem	fōdissēs	fōdisset	fōdissēmus	fōdissētis	fōdissent
passive	present	fodiar	fodiāris, fodiāre	fodiātur	fodiāmur	fodiāminī	fodiantur
	imperfect	foderer	foderēris, foderēre	foderētur	foderēmur	foderēminī	foderentur
	perfect	fossus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	fossus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	fode	—	—	fodite	—
	future	—	foditō	foditō	—	foditōte	fodiuntō
passive	present	—	fodere	—	—	fodiminī	—
	future	—	foditor	foditor	—	—	fodiuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		fodere	fōdisse	fossūrum esse	fodī	fossum esse	fossum īrī
participles		fodiēns	—	fossūrus	—	fossus	fodiendus, fodiundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		fodiendī	fodiendō	fodiendum	fodiendō	fossum	fossū

Derived terms

• affodiō
• circumfodiō
• cōnfodiō
• dēfodiō
• effodiō
• fodicō
• fodīna
• fossātum
• fossilis
• fossiō
• fossō
• fossor
• fossōrius
• fossūra
• fossus
• īnfodiō
• interfodiō
• perfodiō
• praefodiō
• suffodiō
• trānsfodiō

 

Related terms

• fossa
• fossātus
• fossula

Descendants

fodiō

• French: fouir
• Old Occitan: foire
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *fodiare
  • Spanish: hozar

References

• “fodio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “fodio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• fodio in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• fodio in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• fodio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN