esmer

See also: esmér

Old French

Alternative forms

• aesmer

Etymology

Inherited from Latin aestimāre, present active infinitive of aestimō, possibly with the prefix ad- (cf. Medieval Latin adaestimare). Eventually replaced with a borrowing in Middle and modern French (estimer), as this word came too close in pronunciation to aimer (similar due to this word later became pronounced like modern *êmer).

Verb

esmer

1. to estimate; to work out through thought
2. to like; to love; to respect

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

		simple			compound
infinitive		esmer			avoir esmé
gerund		en esmant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		esmant
past participle		esmé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	esme	esmes	esme	esmons	esmez	esment
	imperfect	esmoie, esmeie, esmoe, esmeve	esmoies, esmeies, esmoes, esmeves	esmoit, esmeit, esmot, esmeve	esmiiens, esmiens	esmiiez, esmiez	esmoient, esmeient, esmoent, esmevent
	preterite	esmai	esmas	esma	esmames	esmastes	esmerent
	future	esmerai	esmeras	esmera	esmerons	esmeroiz, esmereiz, esmerez	esmeront
	conditional	esmeroie, esmereie	esmeroies, esmereies	esmeroit, esmereit	esmeriiens, esmeriens	esmeriiez, esmeriez	esmeroient, esmereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	esme	esmes	esme	esmons	esmez	esment
	imperfect	esmasse	esmasses	esmast	esmissons, esmissiens	esmissoiz, esmissez, esmissiez	esmassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	esme	—	esmons	esmez	—

    Conjugation of esmer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

Descendants

• English: aim

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish اسمر (esmer), from Arabic أَسْمَر (ʔasmar).

Adjective

esmer

1. having a rich olive skin tone; tan, tanned, dark
2. brunet or brunette (having brown or black hair)

Noun

esmer (definite accusative esmeri, plural esmerler)

1. someone brunet or brunette

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	esmer
Definite accusative	esmeri
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	esmer	esmerler
Definite accusative	esmeri	esmerleri
Dative	esmere	esmerlere
Locative	esmerde	esmerlerde
Ablative	esmerden	esmerlerden
Genitive	esmerin	esmerlerin

Synonyms

• kara
• (obsolete) karaşın

References

• Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “esmer”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat‎‎ (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 280
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “esmer”, in Nişanyan Sözlük