esmer
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Inherited from Latin aestimāre, possibly with the prefix ad- (cf. Medieval Latin adaestimare). Eventually replaced with a borrowing in Middle and modern French (estimer), as this word came too close in pronunciation to aimer (similar due to this word later became pronounced like modern *êmer).
esmer
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | esmer | avoir esmé | |||||
gerund | en esmant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | esmant | ||||||
past participle | esmé | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | esme | esmes | esme | esmons | esmez | esment |
imperfect | esmoie, esmeie, esmoe, esmeve | esmoies, esmeies, esmoes, esmeves | esmoit, esmeit, esmot, esmeve | esmiiens, esmiens | esmiiez, esmiez | esmoient, esmeient, esmoent, esmevent | |
preterite | esmai | esmas | esma | esmames | esmastes | esmerent | |
future | esmerai | esmeras | esmera | esmerons | esmeroiz, esmereiz, esmerez | esmeront | |
conditional | esmeroie, esmereie | esmeroies, esmereies | esmeroit, esmereit | esmeriiens, esmeriens | esmeriiez, esmeriez | esmeroient, esmereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | esme | esmes | esme | esmons | esmez | esment |
imperfect | esmasse | esmasses | esmast | esmissons, esmissiens | esmissoiz, esmissez, esmissiez | esmassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | esme | — | esmons | esmez | — |
From Ottoman Turkish اسمر (esmer), from Arabic أَسْمَر (ʔasmar).
esmer
esmer (definite accusative esmeri, plural esmerler)
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