darllen

Welsh

Alternative forms

• darllain, darlleaw (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle Welsh darllein, from Proto-Celtic *to- + *ɸare- + *leg-, from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“gather”) (compare Latin legō (“to read”)).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈdarɬɛn/
  • (North Wales, colloquial) IPA^(key): /ˈdarɬan/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈdarɬɛn/
• Rhymes: -arɬɛn

Verb

darllen (first-person singular present darllenaf)

1. to read

Conjugation

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	darllenaf	darlleni	darllen	darllenwn	darllenwch	darllenant	darllenir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	darllenwn	darllenit	darllenai	darllenem	darllenech	darllenent	darllenid
preterite	darllenais	darllenaist	darllenodd	darllenasom	darllenasoch	darllenasant	darllenwyd
pluperfect	darllenaswn	darllenasit	darllenasai	darllenasem	darllenasech	darllenasent	darllenasid, darllenesid
present subjunctive	darllenwyf	darllenych	darlleno	darllenom	darllenoch	darllenont	darllener
imperative	—	darllen, darllena	darllened	darllenwn	darllenwch	darllenent	darllener
verbal noun	darllen
verbal adjectives	darllenedig darllenadwy

Conjugation (literary)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	darllena i, darllenaf i	darlleni di	darllenith o/e/hi, darlleniff e/hi	darllenwn ni	darllenwch chi	darllenan nhw
conditional	darllenwn i, darllenswn i	darllenet ti, darllenset ti	darllenai fo/fe/hi, darllensai fo/fe/hi	darllenen ni, darllensen ni	darllenech chi, darllensech chi	darllenen nhw, darllensen nhw
preterite	darllenais i, darllenes i	darllenaist ti, darllenest ti	darllenodd o/e/hi	darllenon ni	darllenoch chi	darllenon nhw
imperative	—	darllena	—	—	darllenwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Conjugation (colloquial)

Derived terms

• darllenfa (“reading room”)
• darllenfwrdd (“reading desk”)
• darllengar (“fond of reading”, adjective)
• darlleniad (“reading”)
• darllenydd (“reader”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of darllen

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
darllen	ddarllen	narllen	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “darllenaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies