các

See also: Appendix:Variations of "cac"

Tày

Pronunciation

• (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA^(key): [kaːk̚˧˥]
• (Trùng Khánh) IPA^(key): [kaːk̚˦]

Etymology 1

Ultimately from Chinese 閣 / 阁 (gé).

Noun

các (角, 阁)

1. pavilion

   Synonym: rạn

   lườn các ― stilt house

   khẩncác ― to go upstairs in the stilt house

   Cần dú nưa các, vài dú tẩư lang

   People stay in the house, buffalos stay under the floor

   phả phạ kẻo mừa keo, khẩu tèo các

   clouds fly to the south, rice jumps upstairs

2. (collective) houses

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Chinese 各.

Determiner

các (各)

1. Plural marker

   Synonym: bại

Etymology 3

Ultimately from Chinese 擱 / 搁.

Verb

các

1. to place something against something

   các slảo phjác slửa ― to hang a clothes-drying pole

   mừ các phjác ― hands placed on the forehead

   bấu ngần, bấu chèn kha các pha ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. to place something to reach something up high

   Synonym: cái

   các đuây ― to place a ladder

References

• Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
• Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
• Léopold Michel Cadière (1910) Dictionnaire Tày-Annamite-Français [Tày-Vietnamese-French Dictionary]‎ (in French), Hanoi: Impressions d'Extrême-Orient

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [kaːk̚˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [kaːk̚˦˧˥]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [kaːk̚˦˥]

• Audio (Hà Nội):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 各 (“each, individually, every, all”).

Determiner

các

1. Plural marker

Usage notes

• Not used very often in colloquial Vietnamese, replaced by mấy, except in pronouns (such as các bạn). Even then, the use of these pronouns might indicate that the speaker wants to sound serious.
• Generally speaking, các suggests that all of a given set of entities are involved, as opposed to những, which implies that only a certain number of the total possible number are referred to.
• Plural marking is not always grammatically required in Vietnamese, in contrast with many Indo-European languages, and can be omitted in many situations.

Synonyms

• những

Etymology 2

French carte.

Noun

các

1. (dated) cell phone's card

Alternative forms

• cạc

Etymology 3

Verb

các

1. to pay the difference, to give in compensation

References

• https://vdict.com/