croeniog

Welsh

Alternative forms

• croenog

Etymology

From croen (“skin”) +‎ -iog.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈkrɔɨ̯njɔɡ/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈkrɔi̯njɔɡ/
• Rhymes: -ɔɨ̯njɔɡ

Adjective

croeniog (feminine singular croeniog, plural croeniog, equative croenioced, comparative croeniocach, superlative croeniocaf)

1. (not comparable) made of skin^[1], having a skin
2. (comparable) thick-skinned
3. encrusted
4. cutaneous

Quotations

• 1830: Y Gwyliedydd, 1829–30: volume VII, page 376 (Bala: Robert Saunderson)

  Eithr y peth hynotaf mewn perthynas iddynt yw eu bod ynglyn â’u gilydd, wedi eu cyssylltu yn naturiol y naill a’r llall wrth fath o linyn cryf o gnawd a gewynau, yn tarddu oddiar gledr dwyfron pob un, yn hollol groeniog, ddifriw, ddiboen iddynt ill dau.

  However the most notable thing in realationship to them is that they are joined together, connected naturally the one to the other by a kind of strong chord emanating from the breastbone of each, made entirely of skin, without injury or pain to either of them.

• 1870: William Paley, Duwinyddiaeth Naturiol: neu, Yr Amlygiadau o Dduw mewn Natur, page 89 (Lewis Jones)

  Ond, yn gymaint ag mai nid dyma y math o sylwedd anifeilaidd sydd yn gyfaddas i dderbyniad chwarenau neu i ddydoliad, nid ydyw sydd y cylla, yn y tylwyth yma, yn cael ei ddiwallu, fel mewn cylla croeniog, gan y cylla ei hun, ond gan y corn gwddf, lle y mae y chwarenau wedi eu gosod, ac o ba le y defnyna i lawr i’r cylla.

  But, inasmuch as this is not the kind of animal substance which is suitable for the reception of glands or for separation, the gastric juices, in this family, are not satiated, as in a cutaneous stomach, by the stomach itself, but by the larynx, where the glands are set, and from where it drips down to the stomach.

Derived terms

• cerrig croeniog

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
croeniog	groeniog	nghroeniog	chroeniog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

1. Cornish Place-name Elements by Oliver James Padel (1978; English Place-Name Society), page 72
   cronek ‘toad’; cronioc, Voc. 614 glossing rubeta ‘toad’. Welsh croeniog ‘made of skin’; cf. Breton kroc’henek ‘thick-skinned’ (see VKG, 1, 125).

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “croeniog”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies