bac

See also: Appendix:Variations of "bac"

English

Etymology 1

From French bac.

Noun

bac (plural bacs)

1. A broad, flat-bottomed ferryboat, usually worked by a rope.
2. A vat or cistern.

Etymology 2

Noun

bac (plural bacs)

1. Clipping of baccalaureate.

Derived terms

• post-bac

Anagrams

• B. C. A., B.C.A., cab, Cab, CBA, A.B.C., ABC, cba, A. B. C., BCA, CAB

Albanian

Alternative forms

• bacë

Etymology

1. Borrowed from South Slavic *bat'a rather than cognate with it.^[1]
2. From Proto-Albanian *batja. According to Orel bac/bacë could be related to Proto-Slavic *bat'a (“elder brother, uncle”) and Proto-Slavic *batja (“id”). Source of Romanian baci (“chief shepherd, cheese-maker”) and Megleno-Romanian/Aromanian batš (“id”).^[2]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bat͡s]

Noun

bac m (plural bacë, definite baca, definite plural bacët)

1. elder brother
2. uncle

References

1. Hyllested first1=Adam, Joseph, Brian (2022) “13-Albanian”, in Thomas Olander, editor, The Indo-European language family
2. Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “Alb. bac m Pl. baca ('elder brother, uncle')”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 13

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈbak]

Etymology 1

Noun

bac m (plural bacs)

1. Alternative form of obac (“shady spot”)

Etymology 2

Cognate with French bac.

Noun

bac m (plural bacs)

1. vat
2. ferry

Further reading

• “bac” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbat͡s]

Verb

bac

1. second-person singular imperative of bacit

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bak/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophone: BAC

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle French bac, from Old French bas, bac- (“flat boat”), of obscure origin. Possibly from Vulgar Latin *baccu (“container”), from Latin bacar (“kind of wine glass”). Or, possibly borrowed from Celtic or Germanic, from Proto-Germanic *baką (“back, rear”).

Noun

bac m (plural bacs)

1. ferry
2. vat

Derived terms

• bac à chat (“litter box”)
• bac à sable (“sandbox”)

 

Descendants

• → Catalan: bac
• → Dutch: bak
  • Afrikaans: bak
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: baksi
  • Negerhollands: bak
    • → Virgin Islands Creole: bak, baks (archaic)
  • → Caribbean Hindustani: báki
  • → Caribbean Javanese: bak, bag
  • → Indonesian: bak, baki
    • → Javanese: ꦧꦏꦶ (baki)
    • → Ternate: baki
  • → Javanese: ꦧꦏ꧀ (bak)
  • → Papiamentu: baki (from the diminutive)
  • → Sranan Tongo: baki
    • → Caribbean Javanese: baki
• → English: bac

Etymology 2

Clipping of baccalauréat.

Noun

bac m (plural bacs)

1. (informal) high school exit exam in France; A level, matura

Related terms

• bachelier

Further reading

• “bac”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• abc

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish bacc (“angle, bend, corner”), from Proto-Celtic *bakkos (“hook”).

The verb is from Old Irish baccaid (“hinders, prevents, impairs; lames”), from the noun.

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Aran) IPA^(key): /bˠɑk/
• (Cois Fharraige, Mayo, Ulster) IPA^(key): /bˠak/

Noun

bac m (genitive singular baic, nominative plural baic)

1. barrier, block, balk, hindrance
2. bottleneck, trap
3. blocking, obstruction
4. constraint, handicap, impediment, encumbrance
5. stop
6. mattock
7. bend (in river, etc.)
8. (door-)step
9. (law) stay (of proceedings)

Declension

Declension of bac (first declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative bac baic vocative a bhaic a bhaca genitive baic bac dative bac baic forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an bac na baic genitive an bhaic na mbac dative leis an mbac don bhac leis na baic

Derived terms

• aerbhac m (“airlock”)
• bac poitéinsiúil m (“potential barrier”)

 

Descendants

• →⇒ Fingallian: bocky

Verb

bac (present analytic bacann, future analytic bacfaidh, verbal noun bacadh, past participle bactha) (transitive, intransitive)

1. obstruct, balk, hinder
2. impede, block, clog
3. pre-empt
4. bind
5. foul
6. (intransitive) to interfere, to meddle [with le ‘with’]
7. heed

Conjugation

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	present	bacaim	bacann tú; bacair†	bacann sé, sí	bacaimid	bacann sibh	bacann siad; bacaid†	a bhacann; a bhacas / a mbacann*	bactar
	past	bhac mé; bhacas	bhac tú; bhacais	bhac sé, sí	bhacamar; bhac muid	bhac sibh; bhacabhair	bhac siad; bhacadar	a bhac / ar bhac*	bacadh
	past habitual	bhacainn / mbacainn‡‡	bhactá / mbactᇇ	bhacadh sé, sí / mbacadh sé, s퇇	bhacaimis; bhacadh muid / mbacaimis‡‡; mbacadh muid‡‡	bhacadh sibh / mbacadh sibh‡‡	bhacaidís; bhacadh siad / mbacaidís‡‡; mbacadh siad‡‡	a bhacadh / a mbacadh*	bhactaí / mbacta퇇
future		bacfaidh mé; bacfad	bacfaidh tú; bacfair†	bacfaidh sé, sí	bacfaimid; bacfaidh muid	bacfaidh sibh	bacfaidh siad; bacfaid†	a bhacfaidh; a bhacfas / a mbacfaidh*	bacfar
conditional		bhacfainn / mbacfainn‡‡	bhacfá / mbacfᇇ	bhacfadh sé, sí / mbacfadh sé, s퇇	bhacfaimis; bhacfadh muid / mbacfaimis‡‡; mbacfadh muid‡‡	bhacfadh sibh / mbacfadh sibh‡‡	bhacfaidís; bhacfadh siad / mbacfaidís‡‡; mbacfadh siad‡‡	a bhacfadh / a mbacfadh*	bhacfaí / mbacfa퇇
subjunctive	present	go mbaca mé; go mbacad†	go mbaca tú; go mbacair†	go mbaca sé, sí	go mbacaimid; go mbaca muid	go mbaca sibh	go mbaca siad; go mbacaid†	—	go mbactar
	past	dá mbacainn	dá mbactá	dá mbacadh sé, sí	dá mbacaimis; dá mbacadh muid	dá mbacadh sibh	dá mbacaidís; dá mbacadh siad	—	dá mbactaí
imperative		bacaim	bac	bacadh sé, sí	bacaimis	bacaigí; bacaidh†	bacaidís	—	bactar
verbal noun		bacadh
past participle		bactha

conjugation of bac (first conjugation – A)

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

• Alternative verbal noun: bacáil (Ulster)

Descendants

• → Fingallian: bock

Mutation

Mutated forms of bac

radical	lenition	eclipsis
bac	bhac	mbac

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bac”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Middle English

Noun

bac

1. Alternative form of bak (“back”)

Romanian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French bac.

Noun

bac n (plural bacuri)

1. ferry

Declension

	singular			plural
	+ indefinite article	+ definite article		+ indefinite article	+ definite article
nominative/accusative	(un) bac	bacul		(niște) bacuri	bacurile
genitive/dative	(unui) bac	bacului		(unor) bacuri	bacurilor
vocative	bacule			bacurilor

Etymology 2

Clipping of bacalaureat

Noun

bac n (plural bacuri)

1. baccalaureat

Declension

	singular			plural
	+ indefinite article	+ definite article		+ indefinite article	+ definite article
nominative/accusative	(un) bac	bacul		(niște) bacuri	bacurile
genitive/dative	(unui) bac	bacului		(unor) bacuri	bacurilor
vocative	bacule			bacurilor

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish baccaid (“hinders, prevents, impairs; lames”), from bacc (“angle, bend, corner”), from Proto-Celtic *bakkos (“hook”).

Noun

bac m (genitive singular baca or baic, plural bacan)

1. delay, obstacle, hindrance
2. peat bank
3. sandbank

Verb

bac (past bhac, future bacaidh, verbal noun bacadh, past participle bacte)

1. prevent, hinder, obstruct, restrain

Derived terms

• bac an tùs

Mutation

Mutation of bac

radical	lenition
bac	bhac

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bak/

Noun

bac

1. Soft mutation of pac.

Mutation

Mutated forms of pac

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
pac	bac	mhac	phac

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.