absolut

See also: absolüt

English

Pronunciation

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

Adjective

absolut

1. Obsolete spelling of absolute.
   • 1615 Decemver 9, letter from Lord Scott of Buccleuch, quoted in 1838, James Maidment, Letters and State Papers During the Reign of King James the Sixth: Chiefly from the Manuscript Collections of Sir James Balfour of Denmyln, page 272:

     So, remetting all to your consideration, I rest ever hym quhome you haue most absolut pouer to command, BUKCLEUGHE

   • 1671, An Answer to the Letter Directed to the Author of Jus Populi,, page 18:

     […] even the most absolut politick Empire that can be lawfully set up by men is Iyable to these implyed yea indispensable conditions and exceptions, […]

Anagrams

• Basulto

Albanian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin absolūtus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [apsoˈlut]

Adjective

absolut (feminine absolute)

1. absolute

Derived terms

• absolutësi
• absolutisht
• absolutizëm

 

Further reading

• “absolut”, in FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎ (in Albanian), 1980
• “absolut”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
• Newmark, L. (1999) “absolut”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin absŏlūtus. Doublet of absolt.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [əp.suˈlut]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ap.soˈlut]

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

absolut (feminine absoluta, masculine plural absoluts, feminine plural absolutes)

1. absolute
2. (grammar) absolute

Derived terms

• absolutament
• en absolut
• zero absolut

 

Further reading

• “absolut” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “absolut”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “absolut” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “absolut” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /apzoˈluːt/, [ʔapz̥oˈluːtʰ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ab‧so‧lut
• Rhymes: -uːt

Adjective

absolut (strong nominative masculine singular absoluter, not comparable)

1. absolute

   Antonym: relativ

Declension

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist absolut	sie ist absolut	es ist absolut	sie sind absolut
strong declension (without article)	nominative	absoluter	absolute	absolutes	absolute
	genitive	absoluten	absoluter	absoluten	absoluter
	dative	absolutem	absoluter	absolutem	absoluten
	accusative	absoluten	absolute	absolutes	absolute
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der absolute	die absolute	das absolute	die absoluten
	genitive	des absoluten	der absoluten	des absoluten	der absoluten
	dative	dem absoluten	der absoluten	dem absoluten	den absoluten
	accusative	den absoluten	die absolute	das absolute	die absoluten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein absoluter	eine absolute	ein absolutes	(keine) absoluten
	genitive	eines absoluten	einer absoluten	eines absoluten	(keiner) absoluten
	dative	einem absoluten	einer absoluten	einem absoluten	(keinen) absoluten
	accusative	einen absoluten	eine absolute	ein absolutes	(keine) absoluten

Positive forms of absolut (uncomparable)

Adverb

absolut

1. absolutely

Further reading

• “absolut” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “absolut” in Duden online
• “absolut” in Duden online

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch absoluut, from Latin absolūtus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ap̚ˈsolʊt̚]
• Hyphenation: ap‧so‧lut

Adjective

absolut

1. absolute
   1. unconditional: free of restrictions, limitations, qualifications or conditions.

      Synonym: mutlak

   2. complete, unmitigated
   3. pure; unmixed

      Synonym: murni

   4. certain; unquestionable

      Synonym: nyata

Derived terms

• mengabsolutkan
• pengabsolutan
• seabsolut

 

Related terms

• absolutis
• absolutisme

 

Further reading

• “absolut” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Kashubian

Etymology

Borrowed from Polish absolut.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /apˈsɔ.lut/
• Rhymes: -ɔlut
• Syllabification: ab‧so‧lut

Noun

absolut m inan

1. (philosophy) Absolute

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	absolut	absolutë
genitive	absolutu	absolutów
dative	absolutowi	absolutóm
accusative	absolut	absolutë
instrumental	absolutã	absolutama
locative	absoluce	absolutach
vocative	absoluce	absolutë

Declension of absolut

Related terms

adjectives

• absolutny

 

adverbs

• absolutnie

 

nouns

• absolucjô
• absolutizm
• absolutorium
• absolwent

 

Further reading

• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “absolut”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
• “absolut”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Occitan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin absolūtus.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

Adjective

absolut m (feminine singular absoluda, masculine plural absoluts, feminine plural absoludas)

1. absolute

Derived terms

• absoludament

 

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

absolut

Wikipedia ^pl

Etymology

Borrowed from German Absolutes or French absolut,^[1] from Latin absolūtus.^[2] First attested in 1701–1750.^[3]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /apˈsɔ.lut/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔlut
• Syllabification: ab‧so‧lut

Noun

absolut m inan

1. (philosophy) Absolute

   jedyny absolut ― the only Absolute

   boski absolut ― the divine Absolute

   filozoficzny absolut ― the philosophical Absolute

   głód absolutu ― appetite the Absolute

   droga do absolutu ― the way to the Absolute

   wiara w absolut ― belief in the Absolute

   istnienie absolutu ― the existence of the Absolute

   poszukiwanie absolutu ― the search for the Absolute

   dążenie do absolutu ― pursuit of the Absolute

   obcowanie z absolutem ― communion with the Absolute

2. (chemistry) absolute

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	absolut	absoluty
genitive	absolutu	absolutów
dative	absolutowi	absolutom
accusative	absolut	absoluty
instrumental	absolutem	absolutami
locative	absolucie	absolutach
vocative	absolucie	absoluty

Declension of absolut

Noun

absolut m pers

2. (obsolete) absolute monarch
   • 1736, Jan Jabłonowski, Historya Telemaka, syna Ulissesa, krola greckiego Itaku‎, page 175:

     Kędy Tron, Abſolutom, moc ſtráſzliwą daie, Są nayslabſze, Bo wnich Krol, bierze, ruinuie, Sam wſzytko, gdy ſam ieden Páństwo obeymuie.

     [Kędy Tron, Absolutom, moc straszliwą daje, są najslabsze, Bo w nich Król, bierze, rujnuje, Sam wszytko, gdy sam jeden Państwo obejmuje.]

     When the trone gives extreme power to absolute monarchs, they are the weakest, because in them, the king takes and ruins everything himself, when he rules the nation himself.

   • 1756, Józef Minasowicz, Zbior rytmow polskich Jozefa Epifaniusza Minasowicza [...] . Częsc pierwsza- [wtora]‎^, , volume 3, page 335:

     Abſolut w mowie, dyſkurs drugich gaśi, Albo z dyſguſtem ckliwym minę kwaśi.

     [Absolut w mowie, dyskurs drugich gasi, Albo z dysgustem ckliwym minę kwasi.]

     The word absolute in speech silences the other's discussion, or sours his face with a look of disgust.

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	absolut	absoluci/absoluty (deprecative)
genitive	absoluta	absolutów
dative	absolutowi	absolutom
accusative	absoluta	absolutów
instrumental	absolutem	absolutami
locative	absolucie	absolutach
vocative	absolucie	absoluci

Declension of absolut

Alternative forms

• absoluta (Middle Polish)

Related terms

adjectives

• absolutny
• absolutoryjny
• absolutystyczny
• absolutywny
• absolwencki

 

adverbs

• absolutnie
• absolutystycznie

 

nouns

• absolucja
• absolutność
• absolutorium
• absolutysta
• absolutystka
• absolutystyczność
• absolutyw
• absolutyzacja
• absolutyzm
• absolwent
• absolwentka

 

verbs

• absolutyzować impf, zabsolutyzować pf
• absolwować impf

 

References

1. Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “absolut”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
2. Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “absolut”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
3. Wiesław Morawski (28.10.2021) “ABSOLUT”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

Further reading

• absolut in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• absolut in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], (Can we date this quote?)
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “absolut”, in Słownik języka polskiego, volume 1, page 3
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “absolut”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “absolut”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 4
• absolut in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French absolu, from Latin absolūtus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ab.soˈlut/

Adjective

absolut m or n (feminine singular absolută, masculine plural absoluți, feminine and neuter plural absolute)

1. absolute

Adverb

absolut

1. absolutely

Further reading

• absolut in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /absɔˈlʉːt/

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

absolut

1. absolute, full, complete

   Synonym: fullkomlig

Declension

Inflection of absolut

Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative1
common singular	absolut	—	—
neuter singular	absolut	—	—
plural	absoluta	—	—
masculine plural2	absolute	—	—
Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular3	absolute	—	—
all	absoluta	—	—

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Related terms

• absolutism
• absolutist

 

Adverb

absolut

1. absolutely