- Albanian: rreze X f
- Arabic: أَشِعَّة إِكْس m pl (ʔašiʕʕat ʔeks), أَشِعَّة سِينِيَّة (ar) m pl (ʔašiʕʕa siniyya)
- Armenian: ռենտգենյան ճառագայթ (ṙentgenyan čaṙagaytʻ)
- Azerbaijani: rentgen şüaları pl
- Belarusian: рэнтге́н m (renthjén), рэнтге́наўскі праме́нь m (renthjénaŭski pramjénʹ)
- Bulgarian: ре́нтген m (réntgen), ре́нтгенов лъч m (réntgenov lǎč)
- Burmese: အိတ်ဇ်ရေး (itjre:), ဓာတ်မှန် (my) (dhathman)
- Catalan: raig X m
- Central Melanau: X-ray
- Chinese:
- Hokkien: X光線/X光线 (X kng-soàⁿ)
- Mandarin: 艾克斯射線/艾克斯射线 (àikèsī shèxiàn), 愛克斯射線/爱克斯射线 (zh) (àikèsī shèxiàn), X射線/X射线 (X shèxiàn), X光 (zh) (X guāng), 愛克斯光/爱克斯光 (zh) (àikèsī guāng)
- Cornish: dewyn X m, golowyn X m
- Czech: rentgen (cs) m, rentgenové záření n, rentgenový paprsek m
- Danish: røntgenstråle c
- Dutch: röntgenstraal (nl) f
- Esperanto: ikso-radioj, rentgena radiado, x-radiado
- Estonian: röntgenikiir, röntgen (et)
- Finnish: röntgensäteily (fi)
- French: rayon X (fr) m, rayon Röntgen m
- Galician: raios X (gl) m pl
- Georgian: რენტგენის სხივი (renṭgenis sxivi)
- German: Röntgenstrahl (de) m
- Greek: ακτίνα Χ (el) f (aktína Ch), ακτινοβολία Χ f (aktinovolía Ch)
- Gujarati: ક્ષ-કિરણ (kṣa-kiraṇ)
- Hebrew: קַרנֵי רֶנְטְגֶן f (qārney rentgen)
- Hindi: एक्स-रे (eks-re)
- Hungarian: röntgensugárzás (hu)
- Indonesian: ronsen (id), rontgen (id)
- Interlingua: rayos röntgen
- Irish: X-gha m
- Italian: raggi X (it) m pl
- Japanese: X線 (ja) (ekkusu sen), エックス線 (ja) (ekkusu sen), レントゲン (ja) (rentogen)
- Kazakh: рентген (kk) (rentgen), рентген сәулесі (rentgen säulesı)
- Khmer: កាំរស្មី X (kamrĕəʼsməyX), កាំរស្មីអ៊ិច (kamrĕəʼsməy ʼɨc)
- Korean: 엑스선 (ekseuseon), 뢴트겐 (ko) (roenteugen)
- Kyrgyz: рентген (ky) (rentgen), рентген нуру (rentgen nuru), рентген нурлары pl (rentgen nurları)
- Latvian: rentgens m, rentgena stari
- Lithuanian: rentgenas m
- Macedonian: рендгенски зрак m (rendgenski zrak), рендген m (rendgen)
- Malay: sinar-X (ms), X-ray (ms)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: røntgenstråle m
- Nynorsk: røntgenstråle m
- Occitan: rai X (oc) m
- Persian:
- Iranian Persian: پَرْتُوْیِ ایکْس (partow-ye iks), شُعَاعِ ایکْس (šo'â'-e iks)
- Portuguese: raios X m pl
- Romanian: raze X (ro) f pl, raze Roentgen f pl
- Russian: рентге́новский луч m (rentgénovskij luč), рентге́н (ru) m (rentgén)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Roman: rentgensko zračenje n, rentgen (sh) m, rendgensko zračenje n, rendgen (sh) m
- Slovak: röntgen m, röntgenové žiarenie n, röntgenový lúč m
- Slovene: rentgenski žarek m, rentgen m
- Spanish: rayos X (es) m pl
- Swahili: eksirei, uyoka
- Swedish: röntgenstråle (sv) c
- Tagalog: rayos-ekis, X-ray
- Tajik: рентген (rentgen), шуоъи рентгенӣ (šuoʾ-i rentgeni)
- Thai: เอ็กซ์เรย์ (èk-ree), รังสีเอกซ์ (rang-sǐi-èk)
- Turkish: X ışını
- Turkmen: rentgen, rentgen şöhlesi
- Ukrainian: рентге́н m (renthén), рентге́нівський про́мінь m (renthénivsʹkyj próminʹ)
- Urdu: ایکْس شُعَاع (eks śu'ā'), ایکْس رے m (eks re)
- Uyghur: X نۇرى (X nuri)
- Uzbek: rentgen nurlari pl, rentgen (uz)
- Vietnamese: tia X (vi)
- Volapük: räyastrals
- Welsh: pelydr X m
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