-ilis

See also: ilis

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *-elis, from Proto-Indo-European *-elis, probably from *-lós. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (“-le”, adjective-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /i.lis/, [ɪlʲɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /i.lis/, [ilis] (stressed on the antepenult)

Suffix

-ilis (neuter -ile, comparative -ilior, superlative -illimus or -ilissimus); third-declension two-termination suffix

1. -ile; used to form an adjective of relation, frequently passive, to the verb or root.

   ‎agō (“to act”) + ‎-ilis → ‎agilis (“that may be acted”)

   ‎frangō (“to break”) + ‎-ilis → ‎fragilis (“that may be broken”)

2. often attached to the perf. pass. part. stem:

   ‎sedeō (“to sit”) + ‎-ilis → ‎sessilis (“of sitting”)

   ‎pendeō (“to hang”) + ‎-ilis → ‎pēnsilis (“hanging”)

   ‎flectō (“to ply”) + ‎-ilis → ‎flexilis (“pliable”)

3. (rare) used to form an adjective from a noun or adjective stem, sometimes with passive meaning

   ‎humus (“ground, earth”) + ‎-ilis → ‎humilis (“lowly, humble”)

   ‎pār, par- (“even, equal”) + ‎-ilis → ‎parilis (“equal, like”)

   ‎herba (“grass”) + ‎-ilis → ‎herbilis (“fed on grass”)

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

	singular			plural
	masc./fem.	neuter		masc./fem.	neuter
nominative	-ilis	-ile		-ilēs	-ilia
genitive	-ilis			-ilium
dative	-ilī			-ilibus
accusative	-ilem	-ile		-ilēs -ilīs	-ilia
ablative	-ilī			-ilibus
vocative	-ilis	-ile		-ilēs	-ilia

Synonyms

• -ānus, -āris, -icus, -ulus

Derived terms

• -ālis
• -ēlis
• -īlis
• -ūlis
• -ātilis

Latin terms suffixed with -ilis (deverbal)

agilis

bibilis

coctilis

facilis

fertilis

fictilis

fissilis

fossilis

fragilis

inductilis

labilis

nexilis

pensilis

plectilis

plexilis

plumatilis

productilis

pugil

rasilis

reptilis

scissilis

scriptilis

sculptilis

sectilis

seductilis

sensilis

strigilis

suppetilis

sutilis

tactilis

textilis

tinctilis

utensilis

utilis

versatilis

versilis

volatilis

Latin terms suffixed with -ilis

-atilis

ferratilis

humilis

parilis

tolutilis

Descendants

• Aromanian: -ilji
• Catalan: -il
• English: -ile
• French: -ile
• Italian: -ile
• Portuguese: -il
• Romanian: -il, -ie
• Sicilian: -ili
• Spanish: -il

Etymology 2

Originally from the above -ilis added to i stems, later used freely.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈiː.lis/, [ˈiːlʲɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈi.lis/, [ˈiːlis]

Suffix

-īlis (neuter -īle); third-declension two-termination suffix

2. -ile; used to form an adjective, usually from a noun, indicating a relationship or a pertaining to.

   ‎aedis (“building”) + ‎-ilis → ‎aedīlis (“of buildings”) (attested as substantive)

   ‎hostis (“enemy”) + ‎-ilis → ‎hostīlis (“of the enemy, unfriendly, hostile”)

   ‎puer (“boy”) + ‎-ilis → ‎puerīlis (“of boys, boyish, immature”)

   ‎erus (“master”) + ‎-ilis → ‎erīlis (“of the master”)

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

	singular			plural
	masc./fem.	neuter		masc./fem.	neuter
nominative	-īlis	-īle		-īlēs	-īlia
genitive	-īlis			-īlium
dative	-īlī			-īlibus
accusative	-īlem	-īle		-īlēs -īlīs	-īlia
ablative	-īlī			-īlibus
vocative	-īlis	-īle		-īlēs	-īlia

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -ilis (denominative)

anilis

bovilis

civilis

currilis

erilis

faenilia

febrilis

gentilis

hostilis

iuvenilis

orbile

ovilis

Palilis

puerilis

Quintilis

senilis

servilis

Sextilis

sicilis

vernilis

virilis

See also

• -bilis