𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃

Gothic

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𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃

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Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *deuzą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdiu̯s/

Noun

𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃 • (dius) n

1. wild animal, beast
   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 1.13:^[1]

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌹 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌴 𐍆𐌹𐌳𐍅𐍉𐍂 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼 𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌹𐌽, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌰𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌼, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰.

     jah was in þizai auþidai dagē fidwōr tiguns fraisans fram satanin, jah was miþ diuzam, jah aggileis andbahtidēdun imma.

     And he was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted of Satan; and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered unto him. (KJV).

   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: First Epistle to the Corinthians (Codex Ambrosianus A) 15.32:^[2]

     𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌱𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰(𐌼) 𐌳𐌿 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌼 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌹𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍉𐌽, 𐍈𐍉 𐌼𐌹𐍃 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐍉 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌽𐌹 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳? 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌼, 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 𐌳𐌿 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍄𐌰𐌼.

     jabai bi manna(m) du diuzam waih in aifaisōn, ƕō mis bōtō jabai dauþans ni urreisand? matjam jah drigkam, untē du maurgina gaswiltam.

     If after the manner of men I have fought with beasts at Ephesus, what advantageth it me, if the dead rise not? let us eat and drink; for to morrow we die. (KJV).

Usage notes

This word translates Koine Greek θηρίον (thēríon), but seems to only be used when describing actual animals in a neutral sense. In an instance where human beings are described pejoratively as "beasts", the word 𐌿𐌽𐌱𐌹𐌰𐍂𐌹 (unbiari) is used.

The phrase 𐌳𐌿 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌼 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷 (du diuzam waih) translates ἐθηριομάχησα (ethēriomákhēsa, “I fought with wild beasts”).

Reconstruction notes

Only the dative plural is attested, which is not enough to determine whether this word is an a-stem or an an-stem, or whether it is masculine or neuter. Streitberg, though, reconstructs a neuter a-stem.

Declension

No singular forms are attested, but they probably existed. See also the reconstruction notes.

Neuter a-stem
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃 dius	𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌰 diuza
Vocative	𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃 dius	𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌰 diuza
Accusative	𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃 dius	𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌰 diuza
Genitive	𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌹𐍃 diuzis	𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌴 diuzē
Dative	𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌰 diuza	𐌳𐌹𐌿𐌶𐌰𐌼 diuzam

Hyponyms

• 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 (laiwa, “lion”)
• 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃 (wulfs, “wolf”)
• 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍉 (fauhō, “fox”)

See also

• 𐌿𐌽𐌱𐌹𐌰𐍂𐌹 (unbiari, “beast, animal”)

References

1. Mark chapter 1 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
2. Corinthians I chapter 1 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 26