𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃

Gothic

Etymology

Apparently from Proto-Germanic *erþōkundaz. By surface analysis, 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰 (airþa, “earth”) +‎ -𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-kunds, “born of, coming from”). Often considered (e.g. by Lehmann) to be a calque of Latin terrigenus, terrigena not inherited from Proto-Germanic, by analogy with 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 (himinakunds); the cognate Old English eorþcund similarly may be explained as a parallel post-Proto-Germanic formation instead of an inherited cognate, but this is difficult to ascertain.

Adjective

𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 • (airþakunds)

1. (hapax, Christianity) born of the earth, earthly (as opposed to heavenly)
   • Skeireins, 4:14–15:

     𐌹𐌸 𐍃𐌹𐌺 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐍃 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌹 𐍂𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽, 𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 𐍅𐌰𐍃

     iþ sik airþakundana jah us airþai rōdjandan, in þizei wistai manna was

     but himself born of the earth, and speaking from the earth, because he was by nature a man

   Synonym: 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (airþeins)

   Antonym: 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 (himinakunds)

Declension

A-stem
Strong (indefinite) inflection
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 airþakunds	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 airþakunda	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳, 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍄𐌰 airþakund, airþakundata
Accusative	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰 airþakundana	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 airþakunda	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳, 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐍄𐌰 airþakund, airþakundata
Genitive	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃 airþakundis	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 airþakundaizōs	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃 airþakundis
Dative	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 airþakundamma	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹 airþakundai	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 airþakundamma
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹 airþakundai	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐍃 airþakundōs	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 airþakunda
Accusative	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 airþakundans	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐍃 airþakundōs	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 airþakunda
Genitive	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 airþakundaizē	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 airþakundaizō	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 airþakundaizē
Dative	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌼 airþakundaim	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌼 airþakundaim	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌼 airþakundaim
Weak (definite) inflection
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 airþakunda	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉 airþakundō	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉 airþakundō
Accusative	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 airþakundan	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽 airþakundōn	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉 airþakundō
Genitive	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 airþakundins	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐍃 airþakundōns	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 airþakundins
Dative	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 airþakundin	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽 airþakundōn	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 airþakundin
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 airþakundans	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐍃 airþakundōns	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 airþakundōna
Accusative	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 airþakundans	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐍃 airþakundōns	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 airþakundōna
Genitive	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 airþakundanē	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐍉 airþakundōnō	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 airþakundanē
Dative	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 airþakundam	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌼 airþakundōm	𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 airþakundam

References

• Miller, D. Gary (2019) The Oxford Gothic Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 306
• Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) “A86. airþa-kunds”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 18-19