일어나다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 니러나다 (Yale: nilenata).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [iɾʌ̹na̠da̠]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [이러나다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	ireonada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	il'eonada
McCune–Reischauer?	irŏnada
Yale Romanization?	il.enata

Verb

일어나다 • (ireonada) (infinitive 일어나, sequential 일어나니)

1. to arise, get up; to wake up
2. to occur; to happen

Usage notes

일어나다 (ireonada) has two forms for the 해라체 (haerache, “plain”) imperative. The blunt form is regular: 일어나라 (ireonara, “get up!”). The less blunt form is irregular: 일어나거라 (ireonageora, “arise!”). Other verbs with the irregular non-blunt form are 자다 (jada, “to sleep”), 자라다 (jarada, “to grow”), 가다 (gada, “to go”), and compound verbs ending in 가다 (gada).

Conjugation

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	일어난다 ireonanda	일어나 ireona	일어나요 ireonayo	일어납니다 ireonamnida
	Past	일어났다 ireonatda	일어났어 ireonasseo	일어났어요 ireonasseoyo	일어났습니다 ireonatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	일어나느냐 ireonaneunya	일어나 ireona	일어나요 ireonayo	일어납니까 ireonamnikka
	Past	일어났느냐 ireonanneunya	일어났어 ireonasseo	일어났어요 ireonasseoyo	일어났습니까 ireonatseumnikka
Hortative		일어나자 ireonaja	일어나 ireona	일어나요 ireonayo	일어나십시다 ireonasipsida
Imperative		일어나라 ireonara	일어나 ireona	일어나요 ireonayo	일어납시오 ireonapsio
Assertive		일어나겠다 ireonagetda	일어나겠어 ireonagesseo	일어나겠어요 ireonagesseoyo	일어나겠습니다 ireonagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		일어나 ireona	일어나서 ireonaseo	일어나니 ireonani	일어나니까 ireonanikka
Contrast		일어나지만 ireonajiman	일어나는데 ireonaneunde	일어나더니 ireonadeoni
Conjunction		일어나고 ireonago
Condition		일어나면 ireonamyeon	일어나야 ireonaya
Motive		일어나려고 ireonaryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		일어남 ireonam	일어나기 ireonagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		일어났음 ireonasseum	일어났기 ireonatgi
Determiners	Past	일어난 ireonan
	Present	일어나는 ireonaneun
	Future	일어날 ireonal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	일어나신다 ireonasinda	일어나셔 ireonasyeo	일어나세요, 일어나셔요 ireonaseyo, ireonasyeoyo	일어나십니다 ireonasimnida
	Past	일어나셨다 ireonasyeotda	일어나셨어 ireonasyeosseo	일어나셨어요 ireonasyeosseoyo	일어나셨습니다 ireonasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	일어나시느냐 ireonasineunya	일어나셔 ireonasyeo	일어나세요, 일어나셔요 ireonaseyo, ireonasyeoyo	일어나십니까 ireonasimnikka
	Past	일어나셨느냐 ireonasyeonneunya	일어나셨어 ireonasyeosseo	일어나셨어요 ireonasyeosseoyo	일어나셨습니까 ireonasyeotseumnikka
Imperative		일어나시라 ireonasira	일어나셔 ireonasyeo	일어나세요 ireonaseyo	일어나십시오 ireonasipsio
Assertive		일어나시겠다 ireonasigetda	일어나시겠어 ireonasigesseo	일어나시겠어요 ireonasigesseoyo	일어나시겠습니다 ireonasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		일어나셔 ireonasyeo	일어나셔서 ireonasyeoseo	일어나시니 ireonasini	일어나시니까 ireonasinikka
Contrast		일어나시지만 ireonasijiman	일어나시는데 ireonasineunde	일어나시더니 ireonasideoni
Conjunction		일어나시고 ireonasigo
Condition		일어나시면 ireonasimyeon	일어나셔야 ireonasyeoya
Motive		일어나시려고 ireonasiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		일어나심 ireonasim	일어나시기 ireonasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		일어나셨음 ireonasyeosseum	일어나셨기 ireonasyeotgi
Determiners	Past	일어나신 ireonasin
	Present	일어나시는 ireonasineun
	Future	일어나실 ireonasil

    Selected forms of the verb 일어나다 (ireonada): vowel-stem, regular

See also

• 눈뜨다 (nuntteuda)

References

• National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2007 June 3 (last accessed)) “일어나다 [ireonada]”, in 표준국어대사전 [pyojun'gugeodaesajeon]‎