녹다

Korean

FWOTD – 28 January 2015

Etymology

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 녹다〮 (Yale: nwòk-tá). Derived from a root meaning "soft, tender, relaxed, slow". Compare 느긋하다 (neugeuthada), 나른하다 (nareunhada), 느슨하다 (neuseunhada). Ablaut form: 눅다 (nukda)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [no̞k̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [녹따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	nokda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	nogda
McCune–Reischauer?	nokta
Yale Romanization?	nokta

Verb

Korean verb set

Base	녹다 (nokda)
Causative	녹이다 (nogida)

녹다 • (nokda) (infinitive 녹아, sequential 녹으니) (intransitive)

1. (of snow or ice) to melt into water

   Antonym: 얼다 (eolda, “to freeze”)

   눈이 벌써 녹기 시작한다.

   Nun-i beolsseo nokgi sijakhanda.

   The snow is starting to melt.

   • 2014, 눈 그치고 맑은 하늘…빙판길 조심 [nun geuchigo malgeun haneul…bingpan'gil josim]‎:

     다만 얼어붙은 눈이 낮 동안 녹으면서 길이 미끄러울 수 있으니까요, 다니실 때는 조심해서 다니셔야겠습니다.

     Daman eoreobuteun nun-i nat dong'an nogeumyeonseo gir-i mikkeureoul su isseunikkayo, danisil ttae-neun josimhaeseo danisyeoyagetseumnida.

     However, roads may be slippery while the frozen snow melts during the day, and please take extra care on the roads.

2. (of a solid) to melt into a liquid

   Antonym: 굳다 (gutda, “to become hard; to congeal”)

3. to dissolve

   Synonym: 풀리다 (pullida)

   소금은 물에 잘 녹는다.

   Sogeum-eun mur-e jal nongneunda.

   Salt easily dissolves in water.

4. to warm up, to get warm

   Antonym: 얼다 (eolda, “to freeze”)

5. to be captivated, to be infatuated with

   그녀의 매력에 녹아 떨어졌다.

   Geunyeo-ui maeryeog-e noga tteoreojeotda.

   I am stuck by her charms.

6. to have bitter experiences, to have a bad time

   뱃놀이 갔다가 녹았다.

   Baennori gatdaga nogatda.

   I went boating and it was just awful!

Conjugation

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	녹는다 nongneunda	녹아 noga	녹아요 nogayo	녹습니다 nokseumnida
	Past	녹았다 nogatda	녹았어 nogasseo	녹았어요 nogasseoyo	녹았습니다 nogatseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	녹느냐 nongneunya	녹아 noga	녹아요 nogayo	녹습니까 nokseumnikka
	Past	녹았느냐 noganneunya	녹았어 nogasseo	녹았어요 nogasseoyo	녹았습니까 nogatseumnikka
Hortative		녹자 nokja	녹아 noga	녹아요 nogayo	녹으십시다 nogeusipsida
Imperative		녹아라 nogara	녹아 noga	녹아요 nogayo	녹읍시오 nogeupsio
Assertive		녹겠다 nokgetda	녹겠어 nokgesseo	녹겠어요 nokgesseoyo	녹겠습니다 nokgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		녹아 noga	녹아서 nogaseo	녹으니 nogeuni	녹으니까 nogeunikka
Contrast		녹지만 nokjiman	녹는데 nongneunde	녹더니 nokdeoni
Conjunction		녹고 nokgo
Condition		녹으면 nogeumyeon	녹아야 nogaya
Motive		녹으려고 nogeuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		녹음 nogeum	녹기 nokgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		녹았음 nogasseum	녹았기 nogatgi
Determiners	Past	녹은 nogeun
	Present	녹는 nongneun
	Future	녹을 nogeul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	녹으신다 nogeusinda	녹으셔 nogeusyeo	녹으세요, 녹으셔요 nogeuseyo, nogeusyeoyo	녹으십니다 nogeusimnida
	Past	녹으셨다 nogeusyeotda	녹으셨어 nogeusyeosseo	녹으셨어요 nogeusyeosseoyo	녹으셨습니다 nogeusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	녹으시느냐 nogeusineunya	녹으셔 nogeusyeo	녹으세요, 녹으셔요 nogeuseyo, nogeusyeoyo	녹으십니까 nogeusimnikka
	Past	녹으셨느냐 nogeusyeonneunya	녹으셨어 nogeusyeosseo	녹으셨어요 nogeusyeosseoyo	녹으셨습니까 nogeusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		녹으시라 nogeusira	녹으셔 nogeusyeo	녹으세요 nogeuseyo	녹으십시오 nogeusipsio
Assertive		녹으시겠다 nogeusigetda	녹으시겠어 nogeusigesseo	녹으시겠어요 nogeusigesseoyo	녹으시겠습니다 nogeusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		녹으셔 nogeusyeo	녹으셔서 nogeusyeoseo	녹으시니 nogeusini	녹으시니까 nogeusinikka
Contrast		녹으시지만 nogeusijiman	녹으시는데 nogeusineunde	녹으시더니 nogeusideoni
Conjunction		녹으시고 nogeusigo
Condition		녹으시면 nogeusimyeon	녹으셔야 nogeusyeoya
Motive		녹으시려고 nogeusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		녹으심 nogeusim	녹으시기 nogeusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		녹으셨음 nogeusyeosseum	녹으셨기 nogeusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	녹으신 nogeusin
	Present	녹으시는 nogeusineun
	Future	녹으실 nogeusil

    Selected forms of the verb 녹다 (nokda): consonant-stem, regular

Derived terms

serial verbs

• 녹아들다 (nogadeulda)
• 녹아나다 (noganada)
• 녹아내리다 (noganaerida)
• 녹아떨어지다 (nogatteoreojida)

 

other verbs

• 겉녹다 (geonnokda)
• 무르녹다 (mureunokda, “to ripen”)
• 어녹다 (eonokda)
• 얼녹다 (eollokda)

 

nouns

• 녹는점(點) (nongneunjeom, “melting point”)
• 녹초 (nokcho, “utter exhaustion”)

 

adverbs

• 얼락녹을락 (eollangnogeullak, “freezing and melting; tactfully”)