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騎

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also: 骑
騎 U+9A0E, 騎
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9A0E
← 騍
[U+9A0D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 騏 →
[U+9A0F]

Translingual

Han character

騎 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+8, 18 strokes, cangjie input 尸火大一口 (SFKMR), four-corner 74321, composition ⿰馬奇)

Descendants

Derived characters

  • 𫬷, 𮊠

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1440, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44817
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1964, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4560, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+9A0E

Chinese

More information trad., simp. ...
trad. 騎
simp. 骑
alternative forms 𮪍
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Glyph origin

More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
奇 *kral, *ɡral
畸 *kral
剞 *kral, *kralʔ
羇 *kral
掎 *kral, *kralʔ, *kʰrals
攲 *kral, *kralʔ, *kʰral
躸 *kral
踦 *kralʔ, *kʰral
寄 *krals
徛 *krals, *ɡralʔ
欹 *kʰral, *qral
崎 *kʰral, *ɡɯl
觭 *kʰral, *kʰralʔ
碕 *kʰral, *kʰralʔ, *ɡral, *ɡɯl
綺 *kʰralʔ
婍 *kʰralʔ
騎 *ɡral, *ɡrals
琦 *ɡral
鵸 *ɡral
錡 *ɡral, *ɡralʔ, *ŋɡralʔ
輢 *ɡrals, *qralʔ, *qrals
齮 *ŋɡralʔ
犄 *qral
猗 *qral, *qralʔ
椅 *qral, *qralʔ
旖 *qral, *qralʔ
陭 *qral, *qrals
檹 *qral
漪 *qral
倚 *qralʔ, *qrals
Close
Characters in the same phonetic series (奇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡral, *ɡrals): semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 奇 (OC *kral, *ɡral) – to ride horseback

Etymology

Wanderwort in the E/SE Asian Sprachbund. The STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gi (“to ride; to sit astride; to sit (horse)”), and comments that "many of the TB forms seem to be borrowings from Chinese 騎".

Outside Sino-Tibetan, cognates are also found in Hmong-Mien, Tai-Kadai and some Mon-Khmer languages. Benedict (1975) surmises that this is an ancient loan into Proto-Sino-Tibetan from Austro-Tai:

... but these [Tibeto-Burman] forms appear to involve old loans from AT [Austro-Tai] with typical loss of an original medial *w (Thai *khwi ~ *gwi).

while Peiros (1998), Sagart (2006), Schuessler (2007) (who suggests that 騎 (OC gai, “to ride”) is possibly endopassive "let oneself be carried (on the back of an animal)" of 荷 (OC gâiʔ, “to carry”)) and Pittayaporn (2014) think the directionality of borrowing is reversed. The following excerpt is taken from Sagart's review (2006) of Matisoff's book Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman (2003):

The collection of forms under Matisoff's high-vowelled *gyi 'ride' are from TB languages in contact with Chinese (Lolo-Burmese, Qiangic, Tujia): they are best regarded as late loans from Chinese. ... The idea that the Chinese vocabulary of agriculture, metallurgy, horse-riding etc. might contain numerous loans from an early SEA language is simply not to be taken seriously in view of modern Asian archaeology (Bellwood 1997), quite apart from the fact that it makes no linguistic sense (Sagart 1999 for metal names). Yet Matisoff's book is scattered with observations telling the reader that words like 'writing brush' and 'ride' just discussed may well be loans from Austro-Tai into ST (188; 504).

Below lists some cognates for "to ride" found in various languages in this Sprachbund.

Also compare Proto-Austronesian *sakay (“catch a ride, join a group, ride on something”).

Pronunciation 2 is a Late Old Chinese general purpose derivation from Pronunciation 1 (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 騎
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 支 (13)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 渠羈切
Baxter gje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɡˠiᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɡᵚiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɡiɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /gjiə̆/
Li
Rong		 /ɡje/
Wang
Li		 /ɡǐe/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /gie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 kei4
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 騎
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ gje ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.ɡ(r)aj/ (~ *[Cə.ɡ](r)aj)
English straddle; ride

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 騎
Reading # 1/2
No. 9998
Phonetic
component		 奇
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 竒
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡral/
Close
Note:
  • ke4 - vernacular;
  • kei4 - literary.

Definitions

騎

  1. to ride (a horse, bicycle, etc.)
  2. to sit astride
  3. (vulgar) to ride; to mount (someone in sex)
Synonyms
More information Variety, Location ...
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 騎
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 騎
Malaysia 騎
Singapore 騎
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 騎
Xi'an 騎
Southwestern Mandarin Liuzhou 踩, 騎
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 騎
Cantonese Guangzhou 踩, 踹
Hong Kong 踩, 踹
Taishan 踩
Dongguan 踩
Hakka Meixian 騎, 踩
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 騎
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 騎
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 騎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 騎
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 騎
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 騎
Eastern Min Fuzhou 騎
Southern Min Xiamen 騎
Quanzhou 騎
Zhangzhou 騎
Tainan 騎
Penang (Hokkien) 踏
Singapore (Hokkien) 踏
Manila (Hokkien) 踏
Singapore (Teochew) 踏
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 坐
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 坐, 踩
Wu Shanghai 踏
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Dialectal synonyms of 騎 (“to ride (a bicycle)”) [map]

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 騎
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 支 (13)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 奇寄切
Baxter gjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɡˠiᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɡᵚiɛH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɡiɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /gjiə̆H/
Li
Rong		 /ɡjeH/
Wang
Li		 /ɡǐeH/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /gie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gei6
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 騎
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ gjeH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ](r)aj-s/
English rider

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 騎
Reading # 2/2
No. 10005
Phonetic
component		 奇
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 芰
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡrals/
Close
Note:
  • kei3 - vernacular;
  • gei6 - literary.

Definitions

騎

  1. horse or vehicle that one rides on
  2. mounted soldier
  3. (literary) Classifier for soldiers or warhorses.
  4. a surname

Compounds

Further reading

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

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