血肉

Chinese

		blood	meat; flesh
simp. and trad. (血肉)		血	肉

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	血	肉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	屑 (88)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	呼決切	如六切
Baxter	xwet	nyuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hwet̚/	/ȵɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/hʷet̚/	/ȵiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɛt̚/	/ȵʑiuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwɛt̚/	/ȵuwk̚/
Li Rong	/xuet̚/	/ȵiuk̚/
Wang Li	/xiwet̚/	/ȵʑĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/xiwet̚/	/ȵʑi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xue	rù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hyut3	juk6

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xuèròu, xuěròu, xiěròu

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄖㄡˋ, ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄖㄡˋ, ㄒㄧㄝˇ ㄖㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hyut³ juk⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hiat-lio̍k / hiat-bah / hiat-jio̍k / huih-hiak / huih-bah / hoeh-bah

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xuèròu
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˋ ㄖㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syuèròu
    • Wade–Giles: hsüeh⁴-jou⁴
    • Yale: sywè-ròu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuehrow
    • Palladius: сюэжоу (sjuežou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐoʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xuěròu
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄖㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syuěròu
    • Wade–Giles: hsüeh³-jou⁴
    • Yale: sywě-ròu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheuerow
    • Palladius: сюэжоу (sjuežou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐoʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; colloquial in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiěròu
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˇ ㄖㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siěròu
    • Wade–Giles: hsieh³-jou⁴
    • Yale: syě-ròu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shieerow
    • Palladius: сежоу (sežou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʐoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hyut³ juk⁶
    • Yale: hyut yuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hyt⁸ juk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hüd³ yug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyːt̚³ jʊk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiat-lio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: hiat-lio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiatliok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ liɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɔk̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiat-bah
    • Tâi-lô: hiat-bah
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiatbaq
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ baʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiat-jio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: hiat-jio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hiatjiok
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ d͡ziɔk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: huih-hiak
    • Tâi-lô: huih-hiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huihhiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hui(ʔ)⁵ hiak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: huih-bah
    • Tâi-lô: huih-bah
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huihbaq
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hui(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ baʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoeh-bah
    • Tâi-lô: hueh-bah
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoehbaq
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ baʔ³²/

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• Middle Chinese: xwet nyuwk

Noun

血肉

1. flesh and blood; human body

   • 「七月四日」，這日子代表着一個什麼意義，包含着一種什麼內容，美國人是不會忘記的。對於我們中國人民——一個正在以血肉爭取民族獨立和民主自由的民族——來說，也同樣是值得體驗、值得認識而且學習的。 [MSC, trad.]
     「七月四日」，这日子代表着一个什么意义，包含着一种什么内容，美国人是不会忘记的。对于我们中国人民——一个正在以血肉争取民族独立和民主自由的民族——来说，也同样是值得体验、值得认识而且学习的。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1945, 新華日報 (Xinhua Daily), 《象徵民主自由的日子》

     “Qīyuè sìrì”, zhè rìzǐ dàibiǎo zhe yīge shénme yìyì, bāohán zhe yīzhǒng shénme nèiróng, měiguórén shì bùhuì wàngjì de. Duìyú wǒmen Zhōngguó rénmín — yīge zhèngzài yǐ xuèròu zhēngqǔ mínzú dúlì hé mínzhǔ zìyóu de mínzú — láishuō, yě tóngyàng shì zhídé tǐyàn, zhídé rènshí érqiě xuéxí de. [Pinyin]

     "The Fourth of July", what meaning this day represents and what kind of content it contains, the Americans will never forget. For us Chinese people — a nation that is fighting for national independence, democracy and freedom with flesh and blood — it is also worth experiencing, worth knowing and learning.

2. (figuratively) close relationship

Derived terms

• 血肉之軀／血肉之躯 (xuèròuzhīqū)
• 血肉模糊 (xuèròumóhú)
• 血肉橫飛／血肉横飞 (xuèròuhéngfēi)
• 血肉相連／血肉相连 (xuèròuxiānglián)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
血	肉
けつ Grade: 3	にく Grade: 2
on'yomi

Kanji in this term
血	肉
ち Grade: 3	にく Grade: 2
yutōyomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) けつにく [kètsúníkú] (Heiban – [0])^[1][2][3]
• (Tokyo) けつにく [kètsúꜜnìkù] (Nakadaka – [2])^[3]
• IPA^(key): [ke̞t͡sɨɲ̟ikɯ̟]

• (Tokyo) ちにく [chìníkú] (Heiban – [0])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕiɲ̟ikɯ̟]

Noun

血(けつ)肉(にく) or 血(ち)肉(にく) • (ketsuniku or chiniku) 

1. flesh and blood; human body
   • 西條八十 (lyricist), 「同期の桜」

     血肉(ちにく)分(わ)けたる仲(なか)ではないが

     chiniku waketaru naka de wa nai ga

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Derived terms

• 血(けつ)肉(にく)化(か) (ketsunikuka)

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN