茍

See also: 苟

茍 U+830D, 茍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-830D ← 茌 [U+830C] CJK Unified Ideographs 茎 → [U+830E]

Translingual

Han character

茍 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿心口 (TPR) or 難廿心口 (XTPR), four-corner 4462₇, composition ⿱⻀句)

Usage notes

This character is not to be confused with 苟 (U+82DF), which contains the grass radical (艹) instead.

Derived characters

• 𠣷, 𠑛
• 敬 (Exception: Only for Taiwan and Hong Kong character. Other regions contain 苟 instead)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1027, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30853
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3195, character 1
• Unihan data for U+830D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		茍
alternative forms		𠷜 𦯃 𦰶 𦲆 ⿱䒑句

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 茍
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

	Old Chinese
亟	*kʰɯɡs, *kɯɡ
茍	*kɯɡ
殛	*kɯɡ
極	*ɡɯɡ

Characters in the same phonetic series (茍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

May represent a sitting dog, hence a dog showing respect and obedience.

Alternatively, Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 羊 (“sheep”) + 卩 (“kneeling person”), hence it represents a barbarian while kneeling perhaps as a form of respect. The character is similar to 羌, in which however the man is standing.

See 敬 (“respect, reverence”). Perhaps unrelated to 狗 (“dog”) according to the earlier versions.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	茍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	紀力切
Baxter	kik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kik̚/
Li Rong	/kiək̚/
Wang Li	/kĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gik1

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	茍
Reading #	1/1
No.	5735
Phonetic component	茍
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	殛
Old Chinese	/*kɯɡ/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gik¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jì
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴
    • Yale: jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gik¹
    • Yale: gīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: gig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪk̚⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: kik

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯɡ/

Definitions

茍

1. to be circumspect or cautious in one's behaviour

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 茍 – see 苟 (“careless; casual; indifferent; casually; carelessly; etc.”). (This character is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as a variant form of 苟).

Japanese

Kanji

茍

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: こく (koku)
• Kan-on: きょく (kyoku)