精製

Chinese

		energy; perfect; excellent energy; perfect; excellent; refined; very; proficient	manufacture
trad. (精製)		精	製
simp. (精制)		精	制

Pronunciation

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edit edit 晶質／晶质 精緻／精致 精製／精制

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīngzhì

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄓˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹ zai³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cheng-chè / cheng-chì

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīngzhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jingjhìh
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹-chih⁴
    • Yale: jīng-jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingjyh
    • Palladius: цзинчжи (czinčži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    • Homophones:
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zing¹ zai³
    • Yale: jīng jai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹ dzai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: jing¹ zei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-chè
    • Tâi-lô: tsing-tsè
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zengzex
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ³³ t͡se⁴¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng-chì
    • Tâi-lô: tsing-tsì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zengcix
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/

Verb

精製

1. to make with extra care; to refine

Adjective

精製

1. (attributive) refined (purified, reduced in or freed from impurities)

   精製金屬／精制金属  ―  jīngzhì jīnshǔ  ―  refined metal

   二次精製鹽水／二次精制盐水  ―  èrcì jīngzhì yánshuǐ  ―  secondary refined brine

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (精製):

• → Japanese: 精製(せいせい) (seisei)
• → Korean: 정제(精製) (jeongje)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
精	製
せい Grade: 5	せい Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) せーせー [sèéséé] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [se̞ːse̞ː]

Noun

精(せい)製(せい) • (seisei) ^{←せいせい (seisei)?}

1. quality production
2. refining

Coordinate terms

• 粗製(そせい) (sosei)

Verb

精(せい)製(せい)する • (seisei suru) ^{←せいせい (seisei)?}suru (stem 精(せい)製(せい)し (seisei shi), past 精(せい)製(せい)した (seisei shita))

1. to produce with quality
2. to refine

Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	精製し	せいせいし	seisei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	精製し	せいせいし	seisei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	精製する	せいせいする	seisei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	精製する	せいせいする	seisei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	精製すれ	せいせいすれ	seisei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	精製せよ¹ 精製しろ²	せいせいせよ¹ せいせいしろ²	seisei seyo¹ seisei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	精製される	せいせいされる	seisei sareru
Causative	精製させる 精製さす	せいせいさせる せいせいさす	seisei saseru seisei sasu
Potential	精製できる	せいせいできる	seisei dekiru
Volitional	精製しよう	せいせいしよう	seisei shiyō
Negative	精製しない	せいせいしない	seisei shinai
Negative continuative	精製せず	せいせいせず	seisei sezu
Formal	精製します	せいせいします	seisei shimasu
Perfective	精製した	せいせいした	seisei shita
Conjunctive	精製して	せいせいして	seisei shite
Hypothetical conditional	精製すれば	せいせいすれば	seisei sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Conjugation of "精製する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN