禊

禊 U+798A, 禊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-798A ← 禉 [U+7989] CJK Unified Ideographs 禋 → [U+798B]

Translingual

Han character

禊 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈火手竹大 (IFQHK), four-corner 3723₄, composition ⿰礻契(GHT) or ⿰示契(JK))

1. semiannual ceremony of purification

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 844, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24760
• Dae Jaweon: page 1265, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2404, character 1
• Unihan data for U+798A

Chinese

trad.		禊
simp. #		禊

Glyph origin

	Old Chinese
夆	*pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds
丯	*kreːds
瘛	*kʰjeds, *ɡeːds, *kʰjed
觢	*ɡjeds
契	*kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd
栔	*kʰeːds
禊	*ɡeːds
稧	*ɡeːds
楔	*kreːd, *sqʰeːd
葜	*kʰreːd
猰	*qreːd, *kraːd, *kʰeːd
窫	*qreːd
揳	*sqʰeːd
偰	*sqʰeːd
潔	*keːd
絜	*keːd, *ɡeːd
鍥	*keːd, *kʰeːd
挈	*kʰeːd
蛪	*kʰeːd
齧	*ŋeːd
褉	*qʰeːd
喫	*ŋ̊ʰeːɡ

Characters in the same phonetic series (丯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	禊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡計切
Baxter	hejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦeiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦeiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛjH/
Li Rong	/ɣeiH/
Wang Li	/ɣieiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣieiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hai6

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禊
Reading #	1/1
No.	6495
Phonetic component	丯
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	蒵
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːds/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xì (xi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hai⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hē

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xì
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sì
    • Wade–Giles: hsi⁴
    • Yale: syì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
    • Palladius: си (si)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hai⁶
    • Yale: haih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐi̯²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hē
    • Tâi-lô: hē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: he
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /he²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /he⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: hejH

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːds/

Definitions

禊

1. (historical) purification ceremony held in spring and autumn

Compounds

• 修禊 (xiūxì)
• 春禊
• 祓禊
• 禊帖
• 禊飲／禊饮
• 秋禊

 

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 禊

禊

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: げ (ge)
• Kan-on: けい (kei)
• Kun: みそぎ (misogi, 禊)、はらう (harau, 禊う)^{←はらふ (farafu, 禊ふ, historical)}

Compounds

• 御(ご)禊(けい) (gokei)
• 禊萩(ミソハギ) (misohagi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
禊
みそぎ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
禊ぎ

禊 (misogi): a man performing misogi at night under a waterfall at Tsubaki Grand Shrine.

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

禊

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Misogi

Wikipedia

From Old Japanese, though the original pronunciation of the initial miso is likely unknown.

The term itself is derived from the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 禊ぐ (misogu, “to perform ablutions (on someone)”, archaic).^[1]

Some sources^[1][2] suggest that this might be derived further from a compound of 身 (mi, “body”) + 注ぎ (sosogi, “pouring over, into, onto”), or alternatively from 水 (mi, “water”) + 注ぎ (sosogi, “pouring over, into, onto”). Considering that 身 had an ancient reading of ⟨mi₂⟩, while 水 had an ancient reading of ⟨mi₁⟩, the latter is a better potential match.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) みそぎ [mìsógí] (Heiban – [0])^[3][4]
• (Tokyo) みそぎ [mìsógíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[3][4]
• IPA^(key): [mʲiso̞ɡʲi]

Noun

禊(みそぎ) • (misogi) 

1. (Shinto) a form of ritual purification performed with water; compare English ablution
   • 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 11, poem 501)

     恋(こひ)せじと御(み)手洗(たらし)川(がは)にせしみそぎ神(かみ)はうけずぞなりにけらしも

     koiseji to mitarashigawa ni seshi misogi kami ni ukezu zo narinikerashi mo

     Longing [or “loving”] no more and purified by ritual ablution at the river of cleansing, the gods seemed to accept it not at the end.

2. (Shinto, particularly) a purification ritual held in shrines on the last day of the sixth lunar month
   • 1235, Shinchokusen Wakashū (book 3, poem 192; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 98)

     風(かぜ)そよぐならの小(を)川(がは)の夕(ゆふ)暮(ぐ)れはみそぎぞ夏(なつ)のしるしなりける

     kaze soyogu Nara-no-ogawa no yūgure wa misogi zo natsu no shirushi narikeru

     Rustling winds among the oak [leaves] at river Nara dusk-eventime; the lustration rites are but a sign ’tis still summertime.

Derived terms

• 禊(みそぎ)川(がわ) (misogigawa)
• 禊(みそぎ)教(きょう) (Misogi-kyō)
• 禊(みそぎ)祓(はらえ) (misogi-harae)

Descendants

• → English: misogi

See also

• 夏越(なご)しの祓(はらえ) (nagoshi no harae)

Verb

禊(みそぎ)する • (misogi suru) transitive suru (stem 禊(みそぎ)し (misogi shi), past 禊(みそぎ)した (misogi shita))

1. to perform ritual purification or ablutions on someone
   • 1235, Shinchokusen Wakashū (book 3, poem 191)

     吉(よし)野(の)川(がは)かはかみ早(はや)く御秡(みそぎ)してしらゆふ花(ばな)のかずまさるらし

     Yoshino-gawa kawanami hayaku misogi shite shirayūbana no kazu masarurashi

     While doing the water purification rites at the fast-flowing Yoshino river, the white mulberry trees grow their flowers immensely.

Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	禊し	みそぎし	misogi shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	禊し	みそぎし	misogi shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	禊する	みそぎする	misogi suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	禊する	みそぎする	misogi suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	禊すれ	みそぎすれ	misogi sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	禊せよ¹ 禊しろ²	みそぎせよ¹ みそぎしろ²	misogi seyo¹ misogi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	禊される	みそぎされる	misogi sareru
Causative	禊させる 禊さす	みそぎさせる みそぎさす	misogi saseru misogi sasu
Potential	禊できる	みそぎできる	misogi dekiru
Volitional	禊しよう	みそぎしよう	misogi shiyō
Negative	禊しない	みそぎしない	misogi shinai
Negative continuative	禊せず	みそぎせず	misogi sezu
Formal	禊します	みそぎします	misogi shimasu
Perfective	禊した	みそぎした	misogi shita
Conjunctive	禊して	みそぎして	misogi shite
Hypothetical conditional	禊すれば	みそぎすれば	misogi sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Conjugation of "禊する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Proper noun

禊(みそぎ) • (Misogi) 

1. a female given name

References

1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
2. Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

禊 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)

1. a semiannual ceremony of purification

Old Japanese

Etymology

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 禊ぐ (MISOG-, “to perform ablutions (on someone)”).^[1]

Noun

禊 (MISOGI₁) (kana みそぎ)

1. a form of ritual purification performed with water; compare English ablution
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 4, first variant poem 626; first variant:

     君爾因言之繁乎古鄕之明日香乃河爾潔身爲爾去

     ki₁mi₁ ni yo₂ri ko₂to₂ no₂ sige₂ki₁ wo purusato₁ no₂ Asuka-no₂-kapa ni misogi₁ si ni yuku

     Since thy speeches became more frequent, I’d go [back] to the old capital doing purification in the Asuka river.

     Note: Another variant has the red text replaced with 龍田超三津之濱邊爾 (...Tatuta ko₁ye Mi₁tu no₂ pamabe₁ ni..., “...pass by Tatsuta and [go do purification in] the shores of Mitsu.”).

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 11, poem 2403:

     玉久世淸川原身秡爲齊命妹爲

     tamakuse no₂ ki₁yo₂ki₁ kapara ni misogi₁ site ipapu ino₂ti pa imo ga tame₂ ko₂so₂

     In the jeweled shallows [as if] a clear riverbed, I do the water purification rites for a blessed life and for the sake of my beloved.

Descendants

• Japanese: 禊 (misogi)

References

1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Han character

禊: Hán Nôm readings: hễ

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