果敢

Chinese

		fruit; result	dare
trad. (果敢)		果	敢
simp. #(果敢)		果	敢

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• 果敢

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	果	敢
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古火切	古覽切
Baxter	kwaX	kamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑX/	/kɑmX/
Pan Wuyun	/kuɑX/	/kɑmX/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑX/	/kɑmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaX/	/kamX/
Li Rong	/kuɑX/	/kɑmX/
Wang Li	/kuɑX/	/kɑmX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuɑX/	/kɑmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guǒ	gǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwo2	gam2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guǒgǎn

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwo² gam²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guǒgǎn [Phonetic: guógǎn]
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guǒgǎn
    • Wade–Giles: kuo³-kan³
    • Yale: gwǒ-gǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guoogaan
    • Palladius: гогань (goganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ kän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwo² gam²
    • Yale: gwó gám
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwo² gam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: guo² gem²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔː³⁵ kɐm³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kwaX kamX

Etymology 1

Adjective

果敢

1. courageous and resolute; resolute and daring

Synonyms

edit

• 勇敢 (yǒnggǎn)
• 勇猛 (yǒngměng)
• 大無畏 / 大无畏 (dàwúwèi) (utterly fearless)
• 無畏 / 无畏 (wúwèi)
• 神勇 (shényǒng) (extraordinarily brave)
• 英勇 (yīngyǒng)

Antonyms

• 懦弱 (nuòruò)
• 喪膽／丧胆 (sàngdǎn)

Derived terms

• 勇猛果敢

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (果敢):

• → Japanese: 果(か)敢(かん) (kakan)
• → Korean: 과감(果敢) (gwagam)
• → Vietnamese: quả cảm (果敢)

Etymology 2

Phono-semantic matching of Burmese ကိုးကန့် (kui:kan.).

Proper noun

果敢

2. (～自治區) Kokang (a self-administered zone of Shan, Myanmar; capital: Laukkai)
3. (～人, ～族) Kokang people

Derived terms

• 果敢族 (guǒgǎnzú)